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Bioactivity and cytotoxicity of glass and glass–ceramics based on the 3CaO·P2O5–SiO2–MgO system

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Abstract

The mechanical strength of bioactive glasses can be improved by controlled crystallization, turning its use as bulk bone implants viable. However, crystallization may affect the bioactivity of the material. The aim of this study was to develop glass–ceramics of the nominal composition (wt%) 52.75(3CaO·P2O5)–30SiO2–17.25MgO, with different crystallized fractions and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity and bioactivity. Specimens were heat-treated at 700, 775 and 975 °C, for 4 h. The major crystalline phase identified was whitlockite, an Mg-substituted tricalcium phosphate. The evaluation of the cytotoxicity was carried out by the neutral red uptake methodology. Ionic exchanges with the simulated body fluid SBF-K9 acellular solution during the in vitro bioactivity tests highlight the differences in terms of chemical reactivity between the glass and the glass–ceramics. The effect of crystallinity on the rates of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) formation was followed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Although all glass–ceramics can be considered bioactive, the glass–ceramic heat-treated at 775 °C (V775-4) presented the most interesting result, because the onset for HCA formation is at about 24 h and after 7 days the HCA layer dominates completely the spectrum. This occurs probably due to the presence of the whitlockite phase (3(Ca,Mg)O·P2O5). All samples were considered not cytotoxic.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Prof. Dr. Edgar Dutra Zanotto for technical support, and FAPESP for financial support, under Grants Nos. 07/50510-4 and 2013/07793-6. Also we give our thanks to Clever R. Chinaglia and Bruno P. Rodrigues for the help provided during the development of the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil

    Juliana K. M. F. Daguano & Claudinei dos Santos

  2. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Sizue O. Rogero

  3. Laboratório de Materiais Vítreos, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Murilo C. Crovace & Oscar Peitl

  4. Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Sto Antônio, Praça Frei Orlando 170, Centro, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil

    Kurt Strecker

  5. Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, UNIFOA, Campus Três Poços, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

    Claudinei dos Santos

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  1. Juliana K. M. F. Daguano
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  2. Sizue O. Rogero
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  3. Murilo C. Crovace
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  4. Oscar Peitl
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  6. Claudinei dos Santos
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Correspondence to Juliana K. M. F. Daguano.

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Daguano, J.K.M.F., Rogero, S.O., Crovace, M.C. et al. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity of glass and glass–ceramics based on the 3CaO·P2O5–SiO2–MgO system. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 24, 2171–2180 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4972-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4972-8

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