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Supermacroporous poly(vinyl alcohol)-carboxylmethyl chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) scaffold: an in vitro and in vivo pre-assessments for cartilage tissue engineering

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Abstract

This study aims to pre-assess the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of poly(vinyl alcohol)-carboxylmethyl-chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCP) scaffold. PCP was lyophilised to create supermacroporous structures. 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of PCP scaffolds for chondrocytes attachment and proliferation. The ultrastructural was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Extracellular matrix (ECM) formation was evaluated using collagen type-II staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen assays. Histological analysis was conducted on 3-week implanted Sprague–Dawley rats. The MTT, IHC, SEM and TEM analyses confirm that PCP scaffolds promoted cell attachment and proliferation in vitro. The chondrocyte-PCP constructs secreted GAG and collagen type-II, both increased significantly from day-14 to day-28 (P < 0.05). PCP scaffolds did not elicit any adverse effects on the host tissue, but were partially degraded. These results suggest that supermacroporous PCP is a biocompatible scaffold for clinical applications.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by Science Fund (13-02-03-3042) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia (MOSTI), the University of Malaya Research Grant (RG007/09HTM), and the University of Malaya’s High Impact Research Grant through Ministry of Higher Education (HIR-MOHE). The authors would like to thank Dr. Norimah Yusof for technical support, Dr. Chan Chee Ken and Nam Hui Yin for assisting in animal surgery. This paper is dedicated to recently deceased Dr Barry P. Pereira (NUS) on his contribution to the research group.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Si-Yuen Lee, Ai-Sze Wee, Chin-Keong Lim, Azlina Amir Abbas, Azhar Mahmood Merican, Tunku Sara Ahmad & Tunku Kamarul

  2. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

    Lakshmi Selvaratnam

  3. Centre of Studies for Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Malaysia

    Chin-Keong Lim

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  1. Si-Yuen Lee
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  2. Ai-Sze Wee
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Correspondence to Ai-Sze Wee or Tunku Kamarul.

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Lee, SY., Wee, AS., Lim, CK. et al. Supermacroporous poly(vinyl alcohol)-carboxylmethyl chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) scaffold: an in vitro and in vivo pre-assessments for cartilage tissue engineering. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 24, 1561–1570 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4907-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4907-4

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