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Bone regeneration potential of a soybean-based filler: experimental study in a rabbit cancellous bone defects

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Abstract

Autologous and allogenic bone grafts are considered as materials of choice for bone reconstructive surgery, but limited availability, risks of transmittable diseases and inconsistent clinical performances have prompted the development of alternative biomaterials. The present work compares the bone regeneration potential of a soybean based bone filler (SB bone filler) in comparison to a commercial 50:50 poly(d,l lactide–glycolide)-based bone graft (Fisiograft® gel) when implanted into a critical size defect (6-mm diameter, 10-mm length) in rabbit distal femurs. The histomorphometric and microhardness analyses of femoral condyles 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks after surgery showed that no significant difference was found in the percentage of both bone repair and bone in-growth in the external, medium and inner defect areas. The SB filler-treated defects showed significantly higher outer bone formation and microhardness results at 24 weeks than Fisiograft® gel (P < 0.05). Soybean-based biomaterials clearly promoted bone repair through a mechanism of action that is likely to involve both the scaffolding role of the biomaterial for osteoblasts and the induction of their differentiation.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by a UK South East Proof of Concept grant. The Authors wish to thank: (1) Mr. Keith Smith for his assistance in language supervision; and (2) Claudio Dal Fiume, Paola Chiavelli, Nicola Corrado, Alberto Iannì and Patrizia Nini of the Laboratory of Surgical Preclinical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute (Bologna, Italy) for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Surgical Preclinical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, Bologna, Italy

    Gianluca Giavaresi, Milena Fini, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini & Roberto Giardino

  2. School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK

    Jonathan Salvage & Matteo Santin

  3. Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials (IMCB-CNR), Piazzale Tecchio 80, Naples, Italy

    Luigi Ambrosio & Luigi Nicolais

Authors
  1. Gianluca Giavaresi
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  2. Milena Fini
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  3. Jonathan Salvage
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  4. Nicolò Nicoli Aldini
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  5. Roberto Giardino
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  6. Luigi Ambrosio
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  7. Luigi Nicolais
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  8. Matteo Santin
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Correspondence to Matteo Santin.

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Giavaresi, G., Fini, M., Salvage, J. et al. Bone regeneration potential of a soybean-based filler: experimental study in a rabbit cancellous bone defects. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 21, 615–626 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3870-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3870-6

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