Abstract
Hydrogels are increasingly used in medicine due to their potential to be delivered into the body in a minimally invasive manner and to be gelated at the site of introduction subsequently. The aim of this study was to develop a novel injectable and in situ-forming gel composite (GC) comprised of calcium alginate hydrogel and nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), assess its rheological, mechanical and in vitro degradable properties, and discuss the gelation mechanism. Injectable property test showed that the injectability of GC was tunable. Rheological results indicated that three phases of pre-gel, sol–gel phase transformation and post-gel could be found in the process of gelation. The compressive elastic modulus (E) and shear modulus (G) are in the range of 17.0–56.0 kPa and 24.7–55.0 kPa, respectively. During the in vitro degradation, the wet weight increased in the first week, then declined in the following 3 weeks, but the dry weight lost continuously during whole study. Meanwhile, the surface changed greatly after 2 weeks, but samples did not break down up to 28 days. These data indicate that GC exhibits controllable initial setting time and final setting time, tunable injectability, which provides a possible injectable material for bone repair and bone tissue engineering.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Bensaid, J.T. Triffitt, C. Blanchat, K. Oudina, L. Sedel, H. Petite, Biomaterials 24, 2497 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00618-X
B. Balakrishnan, A. Jayakrishnan, Biomaterials 26, 3941 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.005
K.Y. Lee, D.J. Mooney, Chem. Rev 101, 1869 (2001). doi:10.1021/cr000108x
S.K. Mallapragada, B. Narasimhan, Biomaterials 23, 4305 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00172-2
B. Jeong, Y.H. Bae, D.S. Lee, S.W. Kim, Nature 388, 860 (1997). doi:10.1038/42218
B.Ф. Palsson, S.N. Bhatia, Tissue Engineering (Person Prentice Hall, USA, 2004), pp. 261–262. Person Eduction,Inc
M.D. Timmer, C.G. Ambrose, A.G. Mikos, Biomaterials 24, 571 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00368-X
R.G. Payne, M.J. Yaszemski, A.W. Yasko, A.G. Mikos, Biomaterials 23, 4359 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00184-9
J.P. Fisher, T.A. Holland, D. Dean, P.S. Engel, A.G. Mikos, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed 12, 673 (2001). doi:10.1163/156856201316883476
J.P. Fisher, D. Dean, A.G. Mikos, Biomaterials 23, 4333 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00178-3
A. Chenite, C. Chaput, D. Wang, C. Combes, M.D. Buschmann, C.D. Hoemann, J.C. Leroux, B.L. Atkinson, F. Binette, A. Selmani, Biomaterials 21, 2155 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00116-2
T. Boontheekul, H.J. Kong, D.J. Mooney, Biomaterials 26, 2455 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.06.044
E. Westhaus, P.B. Messersmith, Biomaterials 22, 453 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00200-3
K.E. Crompton, J.D. Goud, R.V. Bellamkonda, T.R. Gengenbach, D.I. Finkelstein, M.K. Horne, J.S. Forsythe, Biomaterials 28, 441 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.044
J.H. Cho, S.H. Kim, K.D. Park, M.C. Jung, W.I. Yang, S.W. Han, J.Y. Noh, J.W. Lee, Biomaterials 25, 5743 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.051
K. Nam, T. Kimura, A. Kishida, Biomaterials 28, 1 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.002
S. Seiffert, W. Oppermann, K. Saalwaechter, Polymer 48, 5599 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.013
G. Pitarresi, M.A. Casadei, D. Mandracchia, P. Paolicelli, F.S. Palumbo, G. Giammona, J. Control Release 119, 328 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.005
G. Pitarresi, F.S. Palumbo, G. Giammona, M.A. Casadei, F.M. Moracci, Biomaterials 24, 4301 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00332-6
V. Crescenzi, A. Francescangeli, A. Taglienti, Biomacromolecules 3, 1384 (2002). doi:10.1021/bm025657m
T.H. Chen, H.D. Embree, E.M. Brown, M.M. Taylor, G.F. Payne, Biomaterials 24, 2831 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00096-6
G.D. Nicodemus, S.J. Bryant, Tissue Eng. Pt. B-Rev 14, 149 (2008). doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2007.0332
X.Z. Shu, S. Ahmad, Y.C. Liu, G.D. Prestwich, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 79A, 902 (2006). doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30831
S.S. Cai, Y.C. Liu, X.Z. Shu, G.D. Prestwich, Biomaterials 26, 6054 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.012
H.H. Tonnesen, J. Karlsen, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm 28, 621 (2002). doi:10.1081/DDC-120003853
C.Y. Yu, X.C. Zhang, F.Z. Zhou, X.Z. Zhang, S.X. Cheng, R.X. Zhuo, Int. J. Pharm 357, 15 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.030
A. Kikuchi, T. Okano, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev 54, 53 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00243-5
B.L. Strand, Y.A. Morch, G. Skjak-Braek, Minerva Biotechnol 12, 223 (2000)
L. Wang, R.M. Shelton, P.R. Cooper, M. Lawson, J.T. Triffitt, J.E. Barralet, Biomaterials 24, 3475 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00167-4
H.J. Kong, K.Y. Lee, D.J. Mooney, Polymer 43, 6239 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00559-1
C. Du, F.Z. Cui, W. Zhang, Q.L. Feng, X.D. Zhu, K. de Groot, J. Biomed. Mater. Res 50, 518 (2000). doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(20000615)50:4<518::AID-JBM7>3.0.CO;2-W
R.Z. Wang, F.Z. Cui, H.B. Lu, H.B. Wen, C.L. Ma, H.D. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Lett 14, 490 (1995). doi:10.1007/BF00665911
S.S. Liao, F.Z. Cui, W. Zhang, Q.L. Feng, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B 69B, 158 (2004). doi:10.1002/jbm.b.20035
S.S. Liao, F.Z. Cui, Y. Zhu, J. Bioact. Compat. Polym 19, 117 (2004). doi:10.1177/0883911504042643
X.M. Li, Q.L. Feng, X.H. Liu, W. Dong, F.H. Cui, Biomaterials 27, 1917 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.11.013
X.M. Li, Q.L. Feng, F.Z. Cui, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Bio 716, 26 (2006)
X.M. Li, Q.L. Feng, Y.F. Jiao, F.H. Cui, Polym. Int 54, 1034 (2005). doi:10.1002/pi.1804
K.T. Paige, L.G. Cima, M.J. Yaremchuk, J.P. Vacanti, C.A. Vacanti, Plast. Reconstr. Surg 96, 1390 (1995)
Q. Lv, Q.L. Feng, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med 17, 1349 (2006). doi:10.1007/s10856-006-0610-z
K.S. Anseth, C.N. Bowman, L. BrannonPeppas, Biomaterials 17, 1647 (1996). doi:10.1016/0142-9612(96)87644-7
X.M. Li, Q.L. Feng, Mater. Sci. Forum 475–479, 2387 (2005)
R. Skouri, F. Schosseler, J.P. Munch, S.J. Candau, Macromolecules 28, 197 (1995). doi:10.1021/ma00105a026
E.C. Muniz, G. Geuskens, Macromolecules 34, 4480 (2001). doi:10.1021/ma001192l
J.S. Temenoff, A.G. Mikos, Biomaterials 21, 2405 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00108-3
B.S. Kim, D.J. Mooney, Trends Biotechnol 16, 224 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(98)01191-3
D. Ingber, S. Karp, G. Plopper, L. Hansen, D.J. Mooney, Physical forces and the mammalian cell (Academic Press, New York, 1993)
LC Lu, X Zhu, RG Valenzuela, BL Currier, MJ Yaszemski, Clin. Orthop. Relat. R. S251 (2001)
K.H. Bouhadir, K.Y. Lee, E. Alsberg, K.L. Damm, K.W. Anderson, D.J. Mooney, Biotechnol. Prog 17, 945 (2001). doi:10.1021/bp010070p
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support from National Great Project of Science and Technology Supporting Programs of China during the 11th Five-year Plan (No. 2006BAI16B03) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50803032).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tan, R., Niu, X., Gan, S. et al. Preparation and characterization of an injectable composite. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 20, 1245–1253 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3692-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3692-6