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Augmented photovoltaic and electrochemical performance of lanthanide (Ln3+ = Ce3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+) doped ZrO2 semiconductor material

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Abstract

Synthesis of energy efficient materials is the integral step towards tackling global energy crises in the current era. Present work elucidates the synthesis, characterization, and energy related applications of the lanthanides tri-doped zirconium semiconductor system comprising of Ln3+ co-doped ZrO2 (Ln3+ = Ce3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+). Synthesis has been done by adopting 5% doping strategy following chemical co-precipitation route. Precursors and thin films have been characterized via UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and FE-SEM analysis. This material possessed a bandgap energy ranging between 3.6 and 4 eV and Baddeleyite monoclinic phase with 60 nm crystallite size exhibiting P21/c space group with the Zr4+ bonded with seven O2− atoms leading to formation of pentagonal bipyramids of ZrO7. Thin films of Ln3+ co-doped ZrO2 were marked by profound smoothness and maximum surface coverage. The scaffolding performance of the of Ln3+ co-doped ZrO2 was investigated in cesium lead halide perovskite solar cell device, which excelled in gaining an efficiency of 14.1% with the 66% of fill factor. Synthesized material was also explored for electrical charge storage for supercapacitor application by decorating 80% of it on the nickel form current collector (area: 1 × 1 cm2 and thickness: ~0.7 mm). The specific capacitance of this material exceeded the conventionally used materials by reaching up to 350.6 F g−1 making it a potential electrode material with the stabilized electrochemical performance using 0.1 M NaCl as a supporting electrolyte. Impedance studies in this regard indicated faster reaction kinetics and lower smaller series resistance (Rs) of 1.9 Ω. Finally, this material was employed as a bifunctional electro-catalyst for oxygen and hydrogen evolution. With the lowest overpotential and Tafel slope values of 133 mV and 118.9 mV dec−1, the developed electro-catalyst expressed more affinity as an HER electro-catalyst with the Volmer–Heyrovský mechanistic pathway for hydrogen generation. Voltammteric, potentiometric, and amperometric electro-analyses exhibited the excellent durability and service life for 100 min inside 0.1 M alkaline electrolyte of the developed semiconductor material which can be commercialized after optimization.

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Acknowledgements

This research work was supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R100), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Authors of this work are highly grateful to the Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and the Queen Mary University of London, the United Kingdom for providing the technical facilities needed for the completion of this work. Also, the authors want to acknowledge the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. The concept, idea, and writing of this work are the intellectual property right of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Lab, Lab E-21, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Funding

This research work was supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R100), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials and Environmental Chemistry Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Shaan Bibi Jaffri & Khuram Shahzad Ahmad

  2. School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Isaac Abrahams

  3. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Sobhy M. Ibrahim

Authors
  1. Shaan Bibi Jaffri
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  2. Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
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  3. Isaac Abrahams
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  4. Sobhy M. Ibrahim
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Contributions

SBJ: Conceptualization, methodology, visualization, data curation, and writing—original draft; KSA: Conceptualization, methodology, supervision, and writing—review & editing; IA: Conceptualization, methodology, supervision, data curation, resources, and writing—review & editing; SMI: resources, and review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khuram Shahzad Ahmad.

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Jaffri, S.B., Ahmad, K.S., Abrahams, I. et al. Augmented photovoltaic and electrochemical performance of lanthanide (Ln3+ = Ce3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+) doped ZrO2 semiconductor material. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1376 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10811-1

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