Abstract
Multiferroic bismuth ferrite Bi2Fe4O9 (BFO) ceramic was synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement show formation of single phase ceramic with orthorhombic crystal structure (space group ‘Pbam’). The morphological study depicted a well-defined grain of size ~2 μm. The optical studies were carried out by using UV–Vis spectrophotometer which shows a band gap of 1.53 eV and a green emission spectrum at 537 is observed in the Photoluminescence study. The frequency dependent dielectric study at various temperature revealed that the dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency. A noticeable peak shift towards higher frequency with increasing temperature is observed in the frequency dependent dielectric loss plot. The impedance spectroscopy shows a substantial shift in imaginary impedance (Z″) peaks toward the high frequency side described that the conduction in material favoring the long range motion of mobile charge carriers. The presence of non-Debye type multiple relaxations has been confirmed by complex modulus analysis. The frequency dependent Ac conductivity at different temperatures indicates that the conduction process is thermally activated. The variation of Dc conductivity exhibited a negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior. The activation energy calculated from impedance, modulus and conductivity data confirmed that the oxygen vacancies play a vital role in the conduction mechanism.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N.A. Spaldin, S. Cheong, R. Ramesh, Multiferroics: past, present, and future. Phys. Today 63(10), 38–43 (2010)
Y. Liu, R. Zuo, Morphology and optical absorption of Bi2Fe4O9 crystals via mineralizer-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Particuology 11, 581–587 (2013)
M.N. Iliev, A.P. Litvinchuk, V.G. Hadjiev, M.M. Gospodinov, V. Skumryev, E. Ressouche, Phonon and magnon scattering of antiferromagnetic Bi2Fe4O9. Phys. Rev. B 81, 024302 (2010)
D.H. Wang, C.K. Ong, The phase formation and magnetodielectric property in (1 − x)Bi2Fe4O9–xBaO composites. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 044111 (2006)
Tae-Jin Park, G.C. Papaefthymiou, A.R. Moodenbaugh, Y. Mao, S.S. Wong, Synthesis and characterization of submicron single-crystalline Bi2Fe4O9cubes. J. Mater. Chem. 15, 2099–2105 (2005)
Jian-Tao Han, Yun-Hui Huang, Rui-Jie Jia, Guang-Cun Shan, Rui-Qian Guo, W. Huang, Synthesis and magnetic property of submicron Bi2Fe4O9. J. Cryst. Growth 294, 469–473 (2006)
Q. Zhang, W.J. Gong, J.H. Gong, X.K. Ning, Z.H. Wang, X.G. Zhao et al., Size-dependant magnetic, photoabsorbing and photocatalytic properties of single-crystalline Bi2Fe4O9 semiconductor nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 25241–25246 (2011)
A.S. Poghossian, H.V. Abobian, P.B. Avakian et al., Bismuth ferrites: new materials for semiconductor gas sensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 4, 545–549 (1991)
S.M. Sun, W.Z. Wang, L. Zhang, M. Shang, Visible light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of phenol and aqueous ammonia in flowerlike Bi2Fe4O9 suspensions. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 12826–12831 (2009)
A.K. Singh, S.D. Kaushik, B. Kumar, P.K. Mishra, A. Venimadhav, V. Siruguri, S. Patnaik, Substantial magnetoelectric coupling near room temperature in Bi2Fe4O9. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 132910 (2008)
H.M. Rietveld, A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J. Appl. Cryst. 22, 65–71 (1969)
D.L. Wood, J. Tauc, Weak absorption tails in amorphous semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 5, 3144–3151 (1972)
Z. Irshad, S.H. Shah, M.A. Rafiq, M.M. Hasan, First principles study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Bi2Fe4O9. J. Alloys Compd. 624, 131–136 (2015)
Y. Li, Y. Zhang, W. Le, J. Yu, C. Lu, L. Xia, Photo-to-current response of Bi2Fe4O9 nanocrystals synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation process. New J. Chem. 36, 1297–1300 (2012)
N. Miriyala, K. Prashanthi, T. Thundat, Oxygen vacancy dominant strong visible photoluminescence from BiFeO3 nanotubes. Phys. Status Solidi RRL 7, 668–671 (2013)
I. Mora-Sero, J. Bisquert, Fermi level of surface states in TiO2 nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 3, 945 (2003)
A. Dutta, T.P. Sinha, Dielectric relaxation and electronic structure of Ca(Fe1/2Sb1/2)O3. Phys. Rev. B46, 155113 (2007)
V.S. Postnikov, V.S. Pavlov, S.K. Turkov, Internal friction in ferroelectrics due to interaction of domain boundaries and point defects. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 31, 1785–1791 (1970)
K.S. Cole, R.H. Cole, Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics I. Alternating current characteristics. J. Chem. Phys. 9, 341 (1941)
S. Sen, S.K. Mishra, S.K. Das, A. Tarafdar, Impedance analysis of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 ceramic. J. Alloys Compd. 453, 395–400 (2008)
T. Badapanda, S. Sarangi, S. Parida, B. Behera, B. Ojha, S. Anwar, Frequency and temperature dependence dielectric study of strontium modified Barium Zirconium Titanate ceramics obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26, 3069–3082 (2015)
R. Kohlrausch, Theorie des elektrischen Rückstandes in der Leidener Flasche. Pogg. Ann. Phys. Chem. 91, 179 (1854)
D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, Impedance and modulus spectroscopy of semiconducting BaTiO3 showing positive temperature coefficient of resistance. J. Appl. Phys. 66, 3850 (1989)
M.M. Hoque, A. Dutta, S. Kumar, T.P. Sinha, Dielectric relaxation and conductivity of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 and Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 30, 311–320 (2014)
W. Li, R.W. Schwartz, ac conductivity relaxation processes in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics: grain boundary and domain boundary effects. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 242906 (2006)
K. Funke, Jump relaxation in solid electrolytes. Prog. Solid State Chem. 22, 111–195 (1993)
A.K. Jonscher, The `universal’ dielectric response. Nature 267, 673–679 (1977)
Acknowledgments
AKS acknowledge Board of Research in Nuclear Science (BRNS), Mumbai (Sanction No: 2012/37P/40/BRNS/2145) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi (Sanction No: SR/FTP/PS-187/2011) for funding. SRM and BS acknowledge BRNS and DST, India respectively for the financial support. Lastly, SRM is thankful to Dr. P. K. Sahoo, NISER (BBSR) for PL characterization and Tapabrata Dam for his useful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mohapatra, S.R., Sahu, B., Badapanda, T. et al. Optical, dielectric relaxation and conduction study of Bi2Fe4O9 ceramic. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 3645–3652 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-4203-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-4203-9