Skip to main content
Log in

Functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) by organic polymers: formation of substituted polythiophene–BNNS structures

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent experiments with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have shown the successful covalent and non-covalent functionalization of these boron nitride nanostructures, especially nanosheets (BNNS). This paper explores the synthesis of several thiophene-based polymers with conjugated pendant groups and their reactions with BNNSs. Specifically, two phenyl carboxylic acid functionalized polythiophene polymers, poly[3-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)thiophene] and poly[3-(4-benzoic acid)thiophene], have been prepared and reacted with exfoliated BNNSs. The resulting complexes between the conjugated polythiophene polymers and the BNNS are reported and characterized by their reaggregation stability and by spectroscopic methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. He G, Wan X, Li Z, Zhang Q, Long G, Lui Y, Hou Y, Zhang M, Chen Y (2014) Impact of fluorinated end groups on properties of acceptor-donor-acceptor type oligothiophenes for solution-processed photovoltaic cells. J Mater Chem C 2:1337–1345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang H, Tzeng J, Chou C, Huang C, Lee R, Jeng R (2013) Novel polythiophene derivatives functionalized with conjugated side-chain pendants comprising triphenylamine/carbazole moieties for photovoltaic cell applications. Polym Chem 4:506–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Savagatrup S, Pritz AD, Rodriquiez D, Lipomi DJ (2014) Best of both worlds: conjugated polymers exhibiting good photovoltaic behavior and high tensile elasticity. Macromolecules 47:1981–1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Heinrichchova P, Vala M, Weiter M (2014) Energy versus charge transfer in -conjugated polymer:fullerene blends. Chem Phys Lett 592:314–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Alhalasah W, Holze R (2005) Electrochemical materials: tailoring intrinsically conducting polymers. The example: substituted thiophenes. J Solid State Electrochem 9:836–844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Heeger AJ (2010) Semiconducting polymers: the third generation. Chem Soc Rev 39:2354–2371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pakdel A, Wang X, Zhi C, Bando Y, Watanabe K, Sekiguchi T, Nakayama T, Golberg S (2012) Facile synthesis of vertically aligned hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets hybridized with graphitic domains. J Mater Chem 22:4818–4824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Duan J, Xue R, Xu Y, Sun C (2008) Low temperature synthesis of h-BN nanoflakes. Mater Lett 62:3355–3357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang J, Lee CH, Yap YK (2010) Recent advancements in boron nitride nanotubes. Nanoscale 2:2028–2034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang Y, Shi Z, Yin Y (2011) Boron nitride nanosheets: large-scale exfoliation in methanesulfonic acid and their composites with polybenzimidazole. J Mater Chem 21:11371–11377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yu MY, Cui DL, Li K, Chen SG, Wang QL, Yin YS, Wang X (2007) Mixed nitrogen source effect in the hydrothermal synthesis of cubic BN. Mater Lett 61:76–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Liu Z, Song L, Zhao S, Huang J, Ma L, Zhang J, Lou J, Ajayan PM (2011) Direct growth of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride stacked layers. Nano Lett 11:2032–2037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sutter P, Cortes R, Lahiri J, Sutter E (2012) Interface formation in monolayer graphene-boron nitride heterostructures. Nano Lett 12:4869–4874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Stanley SM, Chakrabarti A, DeMuth JJ, Tempel VE, Hosmane NS (2015) Catalyst-free bottom-up synthesis of few-layer hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. J Nanomater, 2015: Article ID 304295

  15. Bhimanapati GR, Kozuch D, Robinson JA (2014) Large-scale synthesis and functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Nanoscale 6:11671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sato K, Horibe H, Shirai T et al (2010) Thermally conductive composite films of hexagonal boron nitride and polyimide with affinity-enhanced interfaces. J Mater Chem 20:2749–2752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Xue Y, Liu Q, He G, Xu K, Jiang L, Hu X, Hu J (2013) Excellent electrical conductivity of the exfoliated and fluorinated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Nanoscale Res Lett 8:49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Li MH, Xu LQ, Sun CH, Ju ZC, Qian YT (2009) Thermal- induced shape evolution from uniform triangular to hexagonal r-BN nanoplates. J Mater Chem 19:8086–8091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ma P, Spencer JT (2015) Non-covalent stabilization and functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) by organic polymers: formation of complex BNNSs-containing structures. J Mater Sci 50:313–323. doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8590-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. McCullough RD (1998) The chemistry of conducting polythiophenes. Adv Mater 10:93–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. McQuade DT, Pullen AE, Swager TM (1999) Congjugated polymer-based chemical sensors. Chem Rev 100:2537–2574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lissau JS, Nauroozi D, Santoni M, Ott S, Gardner JM, Morandreira A (2003) Anchoring energy acceptors to nanostructured ZrO2 enhances photon upconversion by sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation under simulated solar flux. J Phys Chem C 117:14493–14501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. George SM, Mamun SI, Kim J (2010) One-dimensional supramolecular assembly of an Mn12 single molecule magnet by ligand interactions. Inorg Chem Commun 13:429–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Porcelloni M, D’Andrea P, Rossi C, Sisto A, Ettorre A, Madami A, Altamura M, Giuliani S, Meini S, Fattori D (2008) alpha, alpha-cyclopentaneglycine dipeptides capped with biaryls as tachyknin NK2 receptor antagonists. ChemMedChem 3:1048–1060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yashima E, Goto H, Okamoto Y (1999) Metal-induced chirality induction and chiral recognition of optically active, regioregular polythiophenes. Macromolecules 32:7942–7945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim B, Chen L, Gong J, Osada Y (1999) Titration behavior and spectral transitions of water-soluble polythiophene carboxylic acids. Macromolecules 32:3964–3969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Leowanawat P, Zhang N, Resmerita A-M, Rosen BM, Percec V (2011) Ni(COD)2/PCY3 catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl and heteroaryl neopentylglycolboronates with aryl and heteroaryl mesylates and sulfamates in THF at room temperature. J Org Chem 76:9946–9955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Coleman JN, Lotya M, O’Neil A, Bergin SD, King PJ, Khan U, Young K, Gaucher A, Sukanta D, Smith RJ, Shvets IV, Arora SK, Stanton G, Kim H-Y, Lee K, Kim GT, Duesberg GS, Hallam T, Boland JJ, Wang JJ, Donegan JF, Grunlan JC, Moriarty G, Shmeliov A, Nicholls RJ, Perkins JM, Grieveson EM, Theuwissen K, McComb DW, Nellist PD, Nicolosi V (2011) Two-demensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 331:568–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bruker (2012) Bruker AXS Inc.: Madison, Wisconsin, USA

  30. Blessing R (1995) An empirical correction for absorption anisotropy. Acta Crystallogr Sect A 51:33–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sheldrick G (1990) Phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larger structures. Acta Crystallogr Sect A 46:467–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sheldrick G (2008) A short history of SHELX. Acta Crystallogr Sect A 64:112–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Speck AL (2003) Single-crystal structure validation with program PLATON. J Appl Crystallogr 36:7–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Speck AL (2009) Structure validation in chemical crystallography. Acta Crystallogr Sect D 65:148–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Andersson MR, Selse D, Berggren M, Jarvinen H, Hjertberg T, Inganas O, Wennertrom O, Osterholm J-E (1994) Regioelective polymerization of 3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene with FeCl3. Macromolecules 27:6503–6506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Robitalle L, Lerlerc M (1993) Poly[3-(alkoxyphenyl)thiophenes]: synthesis and linear and nonlinear optical properties. Chem Mater 5:1755–1761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ueda M, Miyaji Y, Ito T (1991) Synthesis of poly(3-phenyl-2,5-thiophene) by nickel-catalyzed coupling polymerization of 3-phenyl-2,5-dichlorotiophene. Macromolecules 24:2694–2697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Khan U, May P, O’Neill A, Bell AP, Boussac E, Martin A, Semple J, Coleman JN (2013) Polymer reinforcement using liquid-exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets. Nanoscale 5:581–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Chen W-X, Zhang S-Y, Ma A-J, Wang Q-G (2011) The synthesis and characterization of thiophene derivative polymers. Adv Mater Res 284–286:1846–1849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Rose A, Tovar JD, Yamaguchi S, Nesterov EE, Zhu Z, Swager TM (2007) Energy migration in conjugated polymers: the role of molecular structure. Philos Trans Royal Soc A 365:1589–1606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Velayudham S, Lee CH, Xie M, Blair D, Bauman N, Yap YK, Green SA, Liu H (2010) Noncovalent functionalization of boron nitride nanotubes with poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)s and polythiophene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:104–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the Department of Chemistry, and the Syracuse University Forensic and National Security Sciences Institute (FNSSI), and the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University for their support in this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James T. Spencer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Petrelli, C., Goos, A., Ruhlandt-Senge, K. et al. Functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) by organic polymers: formation of substituted polythiophene–BNNS structures. J Mater Sci 51, 4952–4962 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9800-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9800-3

Keywords

Navigation