Abstract
This article systematically overviews the grain size effect on deformation twinning and detwinning in face-centered cubic (fcc) metals. With decreasing grain size, coarse-grained fcc metals become more difficult to deform by twinning, whereas nanocrystalline (nc) fcc metals first become easier to deform by twinning and then become more difficult, exhibiting an optimum grain size for twinning. The transition in twinning behavior from coarse-grained to nc fcc metals is caused by the change in deformation mechanisms. An analytical model based on observed deformation physics in nc metals, i.e., grain boundary emission of dislocations, provides an explanation of the observed optimum grain size for twinning in nc fcc metals. The detwinning process is caused by the interaction between dislocations and twin boundaries. Under a certain deformation condition, there exists a grain size range where the twinning process dominates over the detwinning process to produce the highest density of twins.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Valiev RZ, Alexandrov IV, Zhu YT, Lowe TC (2002) J Mater Res 17:5
Zhu YT, Liao XZ (2004) Nat Mater 3:351
Wang YM, Chen MW, Zhou FH, Ma E (2002) Nature 419:912
Horita Z, Ohashi K, Fujita T, Kaneko K, Langdon TG (2005) Adv Mater 17:1599
Youssef KM, Scattergood RO, Murty KL, Koch CC (2006) Scr Mater 54:251
Zhao YH, Liao XZ, Cheng S, Ma E, Zhu YT (2006) Adv Mater 18:2280
Zhao YH, Bingert JE, Liao XZ, Cui BZ, Han K, Sergueeva AV, Mukherjee AK, Valiev RZ, Langdon TG, Zhu YT (2006) Adv Mater 18:2949
Zhao YH, Bingert JF, Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Valiev RZ, Horita Z, Langdon TG, Zhou YZ, Lavernia EJ (2008) Appl Phys Lett 92:081903
Zhao YH, Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2006) Appl Phys Lett 89:121906
Zhao YH, Liao XZ, Horita Z, Langdon TG, Zhu YT (2008) Mater Sci Eng A 493:123
Sun PL, Zhao YH, Cooley JC, Kassner ME, Horita Z, Langdon TG, Lavernia EJ, Zhu YT (2009) Mater Sci Eng A 525:83
Youssef K, Sakaliyska M, Bahmanpour H, Scattergood R, Koch C (2011) Acta Mater 59:5758
Youssef KM, Scattergood RO, Murty KL, Horton JA, Koch CC (2005) Appl Phys Lett 87:091904
An XH, Han WZ, Huang CX, Zhang P, Yang G, Wu SD, Zhang ZF (2008) Appl Phys Lett 92:201915
Christian JW, Mahajan S (1995) Prog Mater Sci 39:1
Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Wu XL (2012) Prog Mater Sci 57:1
Meyers MA, Vohringer O, Lubarda VA (2001) Acta Mater 49:4025
Blewitt TH, Coltman RR, Redman JK (1957) J Appl Phys 28:651
Li YS, Tao NR, Lu K (2008) Acta Mater 56:230
Meyers MA, Andrade UR, Chokshi AH (1995) Metall Mater Trans A 26:2881
Meyers MA, Gregori F, Kad BK, Schneider MS, Kalantar DH, Remington BA, Ravichandran G, Boehly T, Wark JS (2003) Acta Mater 51:1211
Cao F, Beyerlein IJ, Addessio FL, Sencer BH, Trujillo CP, Cerreta EK, Gray GT (2010) Acta Mater 58:549
Zhao WS, Tao NR, Guo JY, Lu QH, Lu K (2005) Scr Mater 53:745
Liao XZ, Srinivasan SG, Zhao YH, Baskes MI, Zhu YT, Zhou F, Lavernia EJ, Xu HF (2004) Appl Phys Lett 84:3564
Liao XZ, Zhao YH, Srinivasan SG, Zhu YT, Valiev RZ, Gunderov DV (2004) Appl Phys Lett 84:592
Liao XZ, Zhou F, Lavernia EJ, He DW, Zhu YT (2003) Appl Phys Lett 83:5062
Liao XZ, Zhou F, Lavernia EJ, Srinivasan SG, Baskes MI, He DW, Zhu YT (2003) Appl Phys Lett 83:632
Wu XL, Youssef KM, Koch CC, Mathaudhu SN, Kecskes LJ, Zhu YT (2011) Scr Mater 64:213
Wang ZW, Wang YB, Liao XZ, Zhao YH, Lavernia EJ, Zhu YT, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2009) Scr Mater 60:52
Rohatgi A, Vecchio KS, Gray GT (2001) Acta Mater 49:427
Chen MW, Ma E, Hemker KJ, Sheng HW, Wang YM, Cheng XM (2003) Science 300:1275
Zhang Y, Tao NR, Lu K (2009) Scr Mater 60:211
Zhao YH, Horita Z, Langdon TG, Zhu YT (2008) Mater Sci Eng A 474:342
Van Swygenhoven H, Derlet PM, Froseth AG (2004) Nat Mater 3:399
Kibey S, Liu JB, Johnson DD, Sehitoglu H (2006) Appl Phys Lett 89:191911
Asaro RJ, Suresh S (2005) Acta Mater 53:3369
Tadmor EB, Hai S (2003) J Mech Phys Solids 51:765
Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Srinivasan SG, Zhao YH, Baskes MI, Zhou F, Lavernia EJ (2004) Appl Phys Lett 85:5049
Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Srinivasan SG, Lavernia EJ (2005) J Appl Phys 98:034319
Wu XL, Zhu YT (2008) Phys Rev Lett 101:025503
Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Wu XL (2008) JOM 60(9):60
Zhang JY, Liu G, Wang RH, Li J, Sun J, Ma E (2010) Phys Rev B 81:172104
Liao XZ, Zhao YH, Zhu YT, Valiev RZ, Gunderov DV (2004) J Appl Phys 96:636
Gu P, Dao M, Asaro RJ, Suresh S (2011) Acta Mater 59:6861
Dobron P, Chmelik F, Yi SB, Parfenenko K, Letzig D, Bohlen J (2011) Scr Mater 65:424
Gu P, Kad BK, Dao M (2010) Scr Mater 62:361
Asaro RJ, Krysl P, Kad B (2003) Philos Mag Lett 83:733
Ni S, Wang YB, Liao XZ, Li HQ, Figueiredo RB, Ringer SP, Langdon TG, Zhu YT (2011) Phys Rev B 84:235401
Shute CJ, Myers BD, Liao Y, Li SY, Hodge AM, Barbee TW, Zhu YT, Weertman JR (2011) Scr Mater 65:899
Wang J, Li N, Anderoglu O, Zhang X, Misra A, Huang JY, Hirth JP (2010) Acta Mater 58:2262
Fu HH, Benson DJ, Meyers MA (2001) Acta Mater 49:2567
Yu Q, Shan ZW, Li J, Huang XX, Xiao L, Sun J, Ma E (2010) Nature 463:335
Venables JA (1961) Philos Mag 6:379
Hirth JP, Lothe J (1992) Theory of dislocations. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, p 811
Liao XZ, Huang JY, Zhu YT, Zhou F, Lavernia EJ (2003) Philos Mag 83:3065
Schiotz J, Di Tolla FD, Jacobsen KW (1998) Nature 391:561
Shan ZW, Stach EA, Wiezorek JMK, Knapp JA, Follstaedt DM, Mao SX (2004) Science 305:654
Van Swygenhoven H, Derlet PM, Hasnaoui A (2002) Phys Rev B 66:024101
Kumar KS, Suresh S, Chisholm MF, Horton JA, Wang P (2003) Acta Mater 51:387
Liao XZ, Kilmametov AR, Valiev RZ, Gao HS, Li XD, Mukherjee AK, Bingert JF, Zhu YT (2006) Appl Phys Lett 88:021909
Rice JR (1992) J Mech Phys Solids 40:239
Wu X, Zhu YT, Chen MW, Ma E (2006) Scr Mater 54:1685
Wu XL, Liao XZ, Srinivasan SG, Zhou F, Lavernia EJ, Valiev RZ, Zhu YT (2008) Phys Rev Lett 100:095701
Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Valiev RZ (2005) Appl Phys Lett 86:103112
Yamakov V, Wolf D, Phillpot SR, Gleiter H (2002) Acta Mater 50:5005
Yamakov V, Wolf D, Phillpot SR, Mukherjee AK, Gleiter H (2002) Nat Mater 1:45
Yamakov V, Wolf D, Phillpot SR, Mukherjee AK, Gleiter H (2004) Nat Mater 3:43
Wolf D, Yamakov V, Phillpot SR, Mukherjee A, Gleiter H (2005) Acta Mater 53:1
Cheng S, Stoica AD, Wang XL, Ren Y, Almer J, Horton JA, Liu CT, Clausen B, Brown DW, Liaw PK, Zuo L (2009) Phys Rev Lett 103:035502
Li N, Wang J, Huang JY, Misra A, Zhang X (2011) Scr Mater 64:149
Li L, Ungar T, Wang YD, Morris JR, Tichy G, Lendvai J, Yang YL, Ren Y, Choo H, Liaw PK (2009) Acta Mater 57:4988
Wen HM, Zhao YH, Li Y, Ertorer O, Nesterov KM, Islamgaliev RK, Valiev RZ, Lavernia EJ (2010) Philos Mag 90:4541
Yamakov V, Wolf D, Phillpot SR, Gleiter H (2003) Acta Mater 51:4135
Zhang K, Weertman JR, Eastman JA (2004) Appl Phys Lett 85:5197
Zhang K, Weertman JR, Eastman JA (2005) Appl Phys Lett 87:061921
Jin M, Minor AM, Stach EA, Morris JW (2004) Acta Mater 52:5381
Wang YB, Li BQ, Sui ML, Mao SX (2008) Appl Phys Lett 92:011903
Sansoz F, Dupont V (2006) Appl Phys Lett 89:111901
Fan GJ, Wang YD, Fu LF, Choo H, Liaw PK, Ren Y, Browning ND (2006) Appl Phys Lett 88:171914
Wang YB, Ho JC, Liao XZ, Li HQ, Ringer SP, Zhu YT (2009) Appl Phys Lett 94:011908
Ookawa AJ (1957) Phys Soc Jpn 12:825
Niewczas M, Saada G (2002) Philos Mag A 82:167
Mahajan S, Chin GY (1973) Acta Metall 21:1353
Mahajan S, Green ML, Brasen D (1977) Metall Trans A 8:283
Thompson N (1953) Proc Phys Soc Lond Sect B 66:481
Zhu YT, Huang JY, Gubicza J, Ungar T, Wang YM, Ma E, Valiev RZ (2003) J Mater Res 18:1908
Wu XL, Zhu YT, Wei YG, Wei Q (2009) Phys Rev Lett 103:205504
Wu XL, Qi Y, Zhu YT (2007) Appl Phys Lett 90:221911
Wu XL, Zhu YT (2006) Appl Phys Lett 89:031922
Zhu YT, Wu XL, Liao XZ, Narayan J, Mathaudhu SN, Kecskes LJ (2009) Appl Phys Lett 95:031909
Derlet PM, Van Swygenhoven H, Hasnaoui A (2003) Philos Mag 83:3569
Van Swygenhoven H (2002) Science 296:66
Narayan J, Zhu YT (2008) Appl Phys Lett 92:151908
Wu XL, Narayan J, Zhu YT (2008) Appl Phys Lett 93:031910
Zhu YT, Narayan J, Hirth JP, Mahajan S, Wu XL, Liao XZ (2009) Acta Mater 57:3763
Li BQ, Li B, Wang YB, Sui ML, Ma E (2011) Scr Mater 64:852
Zhu YT, Wu XL, Liao XZ, Narayan J, Kecskes LJ, Mathaudhu SN (2011) Acta Mater 59:812
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation of the United States [Grant No. DMR-1104667 (Y.T.Z. and J.N.)], the Australian Research Council [Grant No. DP120100510 (X.Z.L.)], and the National Science Foundation of China [11072243,11021262, and MOST 2010CB631004 (X.L.W.)].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, Y.T., Liao, X.Z., Wu, X.L. et al. Grain size effect on deformation twinning and detwinning. J Mater Sci 48, 4467–4475 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7140-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7140-0