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Exploring the relationship between ferrite fraction and morphology and the electromagnetic properties of steel

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Abstract

The link between the electromagnetic properties of steel and its microstructure is a complex one, depending on both phase fractions and morphology. In this paper, both analytical and three-dimensional finite element (3D FEM) modelling techniques were applied to the prediction of permeability for steel with a given ferrite fraction for random ferrite/austenite distributions. Experimental measurements from a multi-frequency electromagnetic sensor on samples generated by hot isostatic pressing (HIPping) of powder mixtures were used to evaluate the analytical and FEM predictions. Theoretical treatment of the relationship between the sensor output and the effective permeability is also given; in particular, it was found that the zero crossing frequency of the real part of the inductance is approximately linearly related to the permeability for high (> 40%) ferrite percentages. The EM sensor can therefore be used to identify the samples across the full range (0–100%) of ferrite percentages using both the zero crossing frequency (> 40%) and trans-impedance (0–40%). The effect of banded (non-random) microstructures on sensor output and the prediction of the upper and lower bounds of permeability are also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their gratitude to EPSRC for their financial support and Corus (UK) Ltd. for financial support and extremely valuable technical input, the Engineering Department at Manchester University for the electronic test instrumentation and the Department of Metallurgy and Materials at the University of Birmingham for the provision of facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK

    W. Yin & A. J. Peyton

  2. Department of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    M. Strangwood & C. L. Davis

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  1. W. Yin
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  2. A. J. Peyton
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  3. M. Strangwood
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  4. C. L. Davis
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Correspondence to C. L. Davis.

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Yin, W., Peyton, A.J., Strangwood, M. et al. Exploring the relationship between ferrite fraction and morphology and the electromagnetic properties of steel. J Mater Sci 42, 6854–6861 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1327-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1327-6

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