Abstract
Double-negative metamaterial characteristics are achieved through microstrip technology in a compact dielectric substrate at four different frequency bands of the minimal frequency ratio. The presented metamaterial is examined in two separate configurations of parallel and orthogonal feed. The circuit model of proposed metamaterial for both the cases is developed and projected in this paper. Moreover, the dispersion diagram and equations are originated to find out the dominant mode and zeroth-order frequency of realized metamaterial for both the feeding phenomena. Mathematical effective parameters (permittivity, permeability, impedance and refractive index) are extracted. Furthermore, a specimen of furnished metamaterial is manufactured to validate the mathematical and theoretical results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Veselago, V.G.: The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ. Sov. Phys. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (UFN) J. 10(4), 509–514 (1968)
Pendry, J.B., Holden, A.J., Robbins, D.J., Stewart, W.J.: Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47(11), 2075–2084 (1999)
Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science 292(5514), 77–79 (2001)
Smith, D.R., Padilla, W.J., Vier, D.C., Nemat-Nasser, S.C., Schultz, S.: Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4184–4187 (2000)
Smith, D.R., Vier, D.C., Koschny, T., Soukoulis, C.M.: Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials. Phys. Rev. E 71(3), 036617 (2005)
Smith, D.R., Schultz, S., Markoš, P., Soukoulis, C.M.: Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients. Phys. Rev. B 65(19), 195104 (2002)
Kim, H., Seo, C.: Inverse class-F power amplifier using the metamaterial structure on the harmonic control circuit. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 50(11), 2881–2884 (2008)
Thomas, Z.M., Grzegorczyk, T.M., Wu, B.-I., Kong, J.A.: Enhanced microstrip stopband filter using a metamaterial substrate. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 48(8), 1522–1525 (2006)
Lee, C., Leong, K.M., Itoh, T.: Metamaterial transmission line based bandstop and bandpass filter designs using broadband phase cancellation. In: 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2006.249870
Tseng, C.-H., Chang, C.-L.: A broadband quadrature power splitter using metamaterial transmission line. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 18(1), 25–27 (2008)
Antoniades, M.A., Eleftheriades, G.V.: A broadband series power divider using zero-degree metamaterial phase-shifting lines. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 15(11), 808–810 (2005)
Tseng, C.-H., Chang, C.-L.: Improvement of return loss bandwidth of balanced amplifier using metamaterial-based quadrature power splitters. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 18(4), 269–271 (2008)
Sarabandi, K., Song, Y.J.: Subwavelength radio repeater system utilizing miniaturized antennas and metamaterial channel isolator. IEEE Trans. Antenna Prop. 59(7), 2683–2690 (2011)
Brito, D.B., d’ Assunção, A.G., Maniçoba, R.H.C., Begaud, X.: Metamaterial inspired fabry-pérot antenna with cascaded frequency selective surfaces. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 55(5), 981–985 (2013)
Khandelwal, M.K., Arora, A., Kumar, S., Kim, K.W., Choi, H.C.: Dual band double negative (DNG) metamaterial with small frequency ratio. J. Electromag. Wave Appl. 32(17), 2167–2781 (2018)
Cheng, Y., Fan, J., Luo, H., Chen, F.: Dual-band and high-efficiency circular polarization convertor based on anisotropic metamaterial. IEEE Access 8, 7615–7621 (2020)
Li, W., Cheng, Y.: Dual-band tunable terahertz perfect metamaterial absorber based on strontium titanate (STO) resonator structure. Opt. Commun. 462, 125265 (2020)
Ma, Y., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Wang, Y.: Miniaturized and dual-band metamaterial absorber with fractal Sierpinski structure. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31(2), 325 (2014)
Yang, D., Xia, Y.: Experimental verification of multi-band metamaterial absorber with double structured layers. Mat. Res. Expr. 7(3), 035801 (2020)
Feng, S., Zhao, Y., Liao, Y.-L.: Dual-band dielectric metamaterial absorber and sensing applications. Res. Phys. 18, 103272 (2020)
Cheng, Y., Li, W., Mao, X.: Triple-band polarization angle independent 90° polarization rotator based on Fermat’s spiral structure planar chiral metamaterial. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 165, 35–45 (2019)
Singh, D.K., Kanaujia, B.K., Dwari, S., et al.: Modeling of a dual circularly polarized capacitive-coupled slit-loaded truncated microstrip antenna. J. Comput. Electron. 19, 1564–1572 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-020-01527-0
Khandelwal, M.K., Kumar, S., Kanaujia, B.K.: Design, modeling and analysis of dual-feed defected ground microstrip patch antenna with wide axial ratio bandwidth. J. Comput. Electron. 17, 1019–1028 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-018-1173-1
Ramachandran, T., Faruque, M.R.I., Ahamed, E.: Composite circular split ring resonator (CSRR)-based left-handed metamaterial for C- and Ku-band application. Res. Phys. 14, 102435 (2019)
Almutairi, A.F., Islam, M.S., Samsuzzaman, M., Islam, M.T., Misran, N., Islam, M.T.: A complementary split ring resonator based metamaterial with effective medium ratio for C-band microwave applications. Res. Phys. 15, 102675 (2019)
Ramachandran, T., Faruque, M.R.I., Islam, M.T.: A dual band left-handed metamaterial-enabled design for satellite applications. Res. Phys. 16, 102942 (2020)
Tamim, A.M., Faruque, M.R.I., Alam, M.J., Islam, S.S., Islam, M.T.: Split ring resonator loaded horizontally inverse double L-shaped metamaterial for C-, X- and Ku-Band Microwave applications. Res. Phys. 12, 2112–2122 (2019)
Sim, M.S., You, K.Y., Esa, F., Dimon, M.N., Khamis, N.H.: Multiband metamaterial microwave absorbers using split ring and multiwidth slot structure. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng. 28, e21473 (2018)
Kaur, K.P., Upadhyaya, T., Palandoken, M., Gocen, C.: Ultrathin dual-layer tripleband flexible microwave metamaterial absorber for energy harvesting applications. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng. 29, 21646 (2019)
Wu, T., Ma, Y.-M., Chen, J., Wang, L.-L.: Triple-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber with low profile. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng. 30, e22314 (2020)
Constantine, A.: Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd edn., pp. 816–856. John Wiley, Hoboken (2005)
Caloz, C., Itoh, T.: Application of the transmission line theory of left-handed (LH) materials to the realization of a microstrip LH line. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 412–415 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2002.1016111
Li, T., Zhai, H., Li, G., Li, L., Liang, C.: Compact UWB band-notched antenna design using interdigital capacitance loading loop resonator. IEEE Antenna Wirel. Prop. Lett. 11, 724–727 (2012)
Peng, Y., Wen-Xun, Z.: Compact sub-wavelength microstrip band-reject filter based on inter-digital capacitance loaded loop resonators. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 52(1), 166–169 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.24885
Arslanagic, S., Hansen, T.V., Mortensen, N.A., Gregersen, A.H., Sigmund, O., Ziolkowski, R.W., et al.: A review of the scattering-parameter extraction method with clarification of ambiguity issues in relation to metamaterial homogenization. IEEE Antenna Prop. Mag. 55(2), 91–106 (2013)
Numan, A.B., Sharawi, M.S.: Extraction of material parameters for metamaterials using a full-wave simulator [education column]. IEEE Antenna Prop. Mag. 55(5), 202–211 (2013)
Caloz, C., Itoh, T.: Application of the transmission line theory of left-handed (LH) materials to the realization of a microstrip “LH line.” In: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (IEEE Cat No02CH37313)
Caloz, C., Itoh, T.: Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken (2005)
Nuthakki, V.R., Dhamodharan, S.: Via-less CRLH-TL unit cells loaded compact and bandwidth-enhanced metamaterial based antennas. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 80, 48–58 (2017)
Sharma, S.K., Chaudhary, R.K.: A compact zeroth-order resonating wideband antenna with dual-band characteristics. IEEE Antenna Wirel. Prop. Lett. 14, 1670–1672 (2015)
Chi, P.-L., Shih, Y.-S.: Compact and bandwidth-enhanced zeroth-order resonant antenna. IEEE Antenna Wirel. Prop. Lett. 14, 285–288 (2015)
Bahl, J.: Lumped Elements for RF and Microwave Circuits. Artech House, Norwood (2003)
Funding
Authors have no known competing financial interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PC took part in conceptualization, data curation, methodology, software, writing–original draft preparation, validation, formal analysis. BKK participated in visualization, investigation, resources, supervision. SD involved in supervision, formal analysis, investigation, writing–reviewing and editing. MKK participated in software, validation, writing–reviewing and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaurasia, P., Kanaujia, B.K., Dwari, S. et al. Theoretical circuit modeling of tetra bands DNG metamaterial by transmission line theory with very small frequency. J Comput Electron 20, 1439–1451 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-021-01708-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-021-01708-5