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Factors Associated with Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from Two Large National Samples

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Abstract

In this study, we explored potential associations among self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and a diverse group of protective and risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder from two databases: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network and the Autism Speaks-Autism Treatment Network (AS-ATN). The presence of SIB was determined from children’s records in ADDM and a parent questionnaire in AS-ATN. We used multiple imputation to account for missing data and a non-linear mixed model with site as a random effect to test for associations. Despite differences between the two databases, similar associations were found; SIB were associated with developmental, behavioral, and somatic factors. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to possible etiology, future longitudinal studies, and clinical practice.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge CDC ADDM project personnel, ADDM projects coordinators, clinician reviewers, abstractors, data managers, and ADDM investigators at each site who contributed to the ADDM surveillance project and data collection. We acknowledge AS-ATN project coordinators and all families who provided data into the AS-ATN registry. This Network activity was supported by Autism Speaks and cooperative agreement UA3 MC11054 through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Research Program to the Massachusetts General Hospital. This work was conducted through the Autism Speaks-Autism Treatment Network.

Author contributions

Dr. Gnakub N. Soke conceptualized and drafted the original proposal of the study, carried out the analyses, drafted the original manuscript, revised the manuscript, and approved the submission of the final manuscript; Drs. Steven A. Rosenberg, Richard F. Hamman supervised the initial manuscript, reviewed and revised the manuscript and approved the submission of the final manuscript; Drs. Cordelia Robinson and Ann Reynolds supervised the initial manuscript, contributed to data acquisition, reviewed and revised the manuscript and approved the submission of the final manuscript; Drs. Tasha Fingerlin and Carolyn DiGuiseppi supervised the initial manuscript, supervised the analyses, reviewed and revised the manuscript and approved the submission of the final manuscript; Drs. Maureen S. Durkin and Lisa Wiggins played prominent roles in reviewing and revising the manuscript and approved the submission of the final version; Drs. Laura Carpenter, Ellen Giarelli, and Li-Ching Lee reviewed and revised the manuscript and approved the submission of the final version provided feed-back on.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    G. N. Soke, R. F. Hamman, T. Fingerlin & C. DiGuiseppi

  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA

    G. N. Soke & L. D. Wiggins

  3. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    S. A. Rosenberg & C. R. Rosenberg

  4. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    C. R. Rosenberg

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    L. Carpenter

  6. College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA

    L. C. Lee

  7. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    E. Giarelli

  8. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53726, USA

    M. S. Durkin

  9. Child Development Unit, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    A. Reynolds

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  1. G. N. Soke
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  2. S. A. Rosenberg
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  7. L. C. Lee
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  8. E. Giarelli
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  9. L. D. Wiggins
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  10. M. S. Durkin
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  11. A. Reynolds
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  12. C. DiGuiseppi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. N. Soke.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional and /or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study is a secondary data analysis of unidentified data previously collected in a surveillance system. Therefore, formal consent is not required.

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The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of Autism Speaks, Inc.

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Soke, G., Rosenberg, S., Hamman, R. et al. Factors Associated with Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from Two Large National Samples. J Autism Dev Disord 47, 285–296 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2951-x

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