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Comparison Among Children with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disorder and Typically Developing Children on Measures of Executive Functioning

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Abstract

It has been suggested that children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) or Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) may show difficulties with executive functioning. There were 3 groups in this study who completed a neuropsychological battery of visual-spatial, executive functioning, and reasoning tasks; AS (n = 37), NLD (n = 31), and controls (n = 40). Results indicated that children in both clinical groups scored within average limits on measures of spatial reasoning and verbal ability. Fluid reasoning was also found to be within average ranges for all groups. The AS group experienced significant problems with cognitive flexibility compared to the other two groups. In contrast the NLD group showed fewer difficulties with cognitive flexibility but more problems with visual sequencing. These findings suggest that performance on executive function measures for children with AS or NLD is remarkably similar with subtle differences present.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Radiology at Michigan State University as well as the private foundation that chooses to remain anonymous that provided funding for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 516 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Margaret Semrud-Clikeman

  2. Department of Counseling, School Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

    Jodene Goldenring Fine

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, DC, USA

    Jesse Bledsoe

  4. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Jodene Goldenring Fine & Jesse Bledsoe

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  1. Margaret Semrud-Clikeman
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Correspondence to Margaret Semrud-Clikeman.

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Semrud-Clikeman, M., Fine, J.G. & Bledsoe, J. Comparison Among Children with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disorder and Typically Developing Children on Measures of Executive Functioning. J Autism Dev Disord 44, 331–342 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1871-2

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