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The Impact of ADHD on Maternal Quality of Life

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Abstract

Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with substantial burden to caregiver quality of life (QoL). However, a paucity of work has focused on quantifying QoL among caregivers of adolescents with a history of ADHD. The purpose of the current study was (1) to quantify maternal QoL in a sample of mothers of adolescents with and without childhood ADHD; and (2) to examine predictors (i.e., parent and child characteristics and behavior) associated with maternal QoL. Participants included mothers of adolescents with (N = 110) and without ADHD (N = 90) ranging in age from 13 to 18 (M = 16.09, 92% male). The Quality Adjusted Life-Year (QALY) was used to calculate maternal QoL using two health domains (i.e., anxiety/depression and disruption in daily activities) commonly impacted by raising youth with ADHD. QALYs are valued monetarily to estimate disease burden. Mothers of adolescents with childhood ADHD experienced significantly worse QoL relative to mothers in the comparison group. Maternal depression, as well as adolescent age, ADHD status, and discipline problems significantly predicted lower levels of maternal QALY health status index, with ADHD being the strongest predictor. This is equal to a reduction in 1.96 QALYs when summed over the course of a child’s lifetime and is associated with a loss of $98,000 to $196,000. Results of the investigation help to further elucidate the health impacts incurred by families of adolescents with ADHD and have important public health implications. Further, parental QoL should be considered when conceptualizing the financial and negative health impact of ADHD.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grants # DA12414) to Dr. Pelham and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (#AA11873) to Dr. Molina. Research was also supported in part by AA00202, AA08746, AA12342, and AA0626 to Dr. Molina, grants from the National Institute on Mental Health (MH12010, MH4815, MH47390, MH45576, MH50467, MH53554, MH069614) and Institute of Education Sciences (IESLO3000665A, IESR324B060045) to Dr. Pelham, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA043449) to Dr. Piscitello.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, US

    Jennifer Piscitello, Amy R. Altszuler, Jessica Robb Mazzant, Elizabeth M. Gnagy & William E. Pelham Jr.

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, US

    Dara E. Babinski

  3. Department of Management, H. Wayne Huizenga College of College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, US

    Timothy F. Page

  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, US

    Brooke S. G. Molina

Authors
  1. Jennifer Piscitello
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  2. Amy R. Altszuler
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  3. Jessica Robb Mazzant
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  4. Dara E. Babinski
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  5. Elizabeth M. Gnagy
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  6. Timothy F. Page
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  7. Brooke S. G. Molina
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  8. William E. Pelham Jr.
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were conducted by Dr. William E. Pelham, Jr., Dr. Brooke S. G., Molina, and Elizabeth M. Gnagy. Data analysis was conducted by Dr. Altszuler and Dr. Timothy Page. The manuscript was drafted by Dr. Jennifer Piscitello, Dr. Amy R. Altszuler, Dr. Jessica Robb Mazzant, and Dr. Dara E. Babinski and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jennifer Piscitello.

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Ethical Approval

The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from participants (or their parent/legal guardian in the case of children under 16).

Conflicts of Interest/Competing Interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

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Piscitello, J., Altszuler, A.R., Mazzant, J.R. et al. The Impact of ADHD on Maternal Quality of Life. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 50, 1275–1288 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00935-z

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