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GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in retinal vascular inflammatory diseases: a review

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Abstract

Purpose

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed pro-inflammatory cell death. The main signaling pathways include the classical scorch death pathway that depends on NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles and other activation caspase-1 and the non-classical scorch death pathway that depends on caspase-4 /5/11. The substrate of all inflammatory caspases is GSDMD; a large number of studies have confirmed that pyroptosis is associated with certain infectious diseases, atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic diseases, and aseptic inflammatory diseases of important organs. In recent years, pyroptosis has been studied partially in the ocular field. So, this article reviews the recent literature intending to help readers understand the main mechanisms of cellular scorch death and the progress of GSDMD-mediated cellular scorch death in retinal vascular inflammatory diseases.

Method

A detailed review of the literature related to pyroptosis and inflammatory diseases of the retinal vasculature is presented. The following 6 electronic databases were searched: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase Databases, and the search period was from the database to May 2022. The main search keywords include “Pyroptosis,” “ GSDMD,” “Retinal Vascular Inflammatory Disease,” “Diabetic retinopathy,” “Retinal vasculitis.” The discovery of pyroptosis, the main molecular mechanisms, key proteins, and their pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects in retinal vasculitis diseases are extensively studied and summarized.

Result

The mechanisms of gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis are elaborated and analyzed, with particular emphasis on their key role and potential in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory retinal vascular lesions.

Conclusion

Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is a well-studied form of programmed pro-inflammatory cell death, which has a bidirectional regulatory effect on a variety of immune and inflammatory diseases. The literature reveals that pyroptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of retinal vascular inflammatory diseases, and it may be an important therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy and other retinal vasculitis eye diseases in the future.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks go to the corresponding author who provided valuable suggestions for revision of this review.

Funding

LX is funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81473735). The corresponding author is the sponsor who provides for funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China

    Li Xiaodong

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Xie Xuejun

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  1. Li Xiaodong
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Contributions

LX contributed to the conception and design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, and drafting of the manuscript. Supervision was performed by X-X. All authors contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xie Xuejun.

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Xiaodong, L., Xuejun, X. GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in retinal vascular inflammatory diseases: a review. Int Ophthalmol 43, 1405–1411 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02506-z

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