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Macula and optic disk features in methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine addicts using optical coherence tomography

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Abstract

Purpose

Methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine abusers were compared with healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography to assess their retinal nerve fiber layer, macula, and optic disk characteristics.

Methods

Forty-one methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine abusers and 42 healthy subjects (mean ± SD of age: 35.82 ± 8.6 and 37.76 ± 9.1 years, respectively) were incorporated in this cross-sectional study. The drug abusers had a history of at least five years of substance use through smoking. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to image and assess the characteristics of retinal nerve fiber layer, macular thickness, and optic disk in the study groups.

Results

The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly lower in the superior and temporal retinal quadrants of drug abusers than healthy subjects (P = 0.008 and P = 0.028, respectively). This study did not find a significant difference between drug abusers and healthy controls regarding optic to disk ratio, rim area, and disk area (P > 0.05). The comparison between the study groups showed that the reductions in perifovea and the superior quadrant of parafoveal thickness were statistically significant (P < 0.001 and P = 0.029, respectively).

Conclusion

Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography measurements showed that the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness were different between methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine abusers and healthy subjects, which should be considered in clinical practice. It seems that these drug abuses can cause alterations in retinal morphology.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the staff of AL-Zahra Eye Hospital and Zahedan Health Center. We also thank Mr. Sadegh Basharaf, Miss Maryam Khorsandi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

    Monireh Mahjoob

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Al-Zahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

    Ali-Reza Maleki

  3. Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Farshad Askarizadeh

  4. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Samira Heydarian

  5. Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Tahereh Rakhshandadi

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  1. Monireh Mahjoob
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  2. Ali-Reza Maleki
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  4. Samira Heydarian
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Correspondence to Tahereh Rakhshandadi.

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None of the authors has any conflicting interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Code ID: IR.ZAUMS.REC.1398.431). The procedures performed in this study were based on the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants received information about the study and written informed consent forms were signed by them.

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Mahjoob, M., Maleki, AR., Askarizadeh, F. et al. Macula and optic disk features in methamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine addicts using optical coherence tomography. Int Ophthalmol 42, 2055–2062 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-02200-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-02200-6

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