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Characterization and expression analysis of nitrate reductase 6-1ABD gene in hexaploid bread wheat under different nitrogen regimes

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Abstract

Nitrate reductase (NR) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the nitrogen (N) assimilation process in plants, which has not been characterized in bread wheat under nitrogen stress, especially with respect to their homeologues. Total 9 NRs were identified and classified into three groups, which showed a close relationship with different wheat ancestors. The occurrence of N-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements like MYB, MYC, G-Box, and GATA-motif confirmed their N-responsiveness. Expression of all three groups of NR under N-stress revealed the NR 6-1ABD group to be the most N-responsive, which was characterized further in detail. The study was carried out in two genotypes contrasting for their N-responsiveness (HD 2967: Highly responsive to applied N, and Choti Lerma: Less responsive to applied N) selected on the basis of field evaluation. Homeologous differences within a genotype were found much more than the genotypic differences of a specific homeologue coding sequence. Among the three homeologues, though NR 6-1D homeologue was found to be most responsive to N-stress, the contribution was maximum for this homeologue, followed by NR 6-1A and least by NR 6-1B. We found that the expression of homeologues was linked to the presence of N-responsive cis-elements. All the homeologues of NR 6-1 in Choti Lerma were found less responsive to N-stress in comparison to HD 2967, which might also be linked to N-use efficiency. Homeologous expression of NR 6-1ABD revealed the negligible contribution of B-homeologue to N-stress. Homeologous differences of NR 6-1ABD was found much more than the genotypic differences. Hence, our study on wheat NR will be helpful in manipulating the specific homeologue of the NR gene in the future.

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Data availability

The CDS sequences of the genes were submitted to GenBank NCBI and the corresponding gene accession numbers are provided in the text and can be obtained in the NCBI nucleotide Database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/). All data generated or analyzed during the present study are included in this manuscript and its supplementary information files.

Abbreviations

CDS:

Coding sequence

mmol/L:

Millimolar/litre

h:

Hour

cDNA:

Complementary deoxy-ribonucleic acid

dNTPs:

Deoxynucleoside triphosphates

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

qPCR:

Quantitative-polymerase chain reaction

Tm :

Melting temperature

°C:

Degree celsius

ORF:

Open reading frame

MW:

Molecular weight

pI:

Isoelectric point

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

µl:

Microlitre

ng:

Nanogram

bp:

Basepair

UTR:

Untranslated region

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (BT/IN/UK-VNC/43/KV/2015-16) for funding under the project “Indo-UK Centre for the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat (INEW)” and Director, NIPB, New Delhi for providing all the facilities. Authors also want to thank P.G. School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute since part of the work is from Mr. Megavath Ravi’s M.Sc. thesis, submitted to this Institute.

Funding

We are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (BT/IN/UK-VNC/43/KV/2015-16) for funding under the project “Indo-UK Centre for the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat (INEW)”.

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  1. ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Gayatri, Megavath Ravi, Harsh Chauhan, Ekta Mulani, Sachin Phogat & Pranab Kumar Mandal

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India

    Karnam Venkatesh

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Contributions

G and MR designed and performed the experiments. G wrote the manuscript. HC performed the hydroponics experiment. EM constructed circos. SP edited the manuscript. KV provided seeds of HD 2967 and CL genotypes and all relevant data generated from the field conditions of both the genotypes, edited the manuscript. PKM conceptualized the research objectives, designed the experiments, supervised the entire work, and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pranab Kumar Mandal.

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Gayatri, Ravi, M., Chauhan, H. et al. Characterization and expression analysis of nitrate reductase 6-1ABD gene in hexaploid bread wheat under different nitrogen regimes. Plant Growth Regul 103, 81–100 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-023-01082-1

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