Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Iso-osmotic effect of NaCl and PEG on growth, cations and free proline accumulation in callus tissue of two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One-month old calli of two indica rice genotypes, i.e., Basmati-370 and Basmati-Kashmir were subjected to two iso-osmotic concentrations (−0.57 MPa and −0.74 MPa) created with 50 and 100 mol m−3 NaCl or 10 and 18% solutions of PEG-8000. Both genotypes tolerated only low levels of stress and showed severe growth suppression at −0.74 MPa. The degree of stress tolerance of both genotypes was greater for PEG induced stress than for NaCl induced stress. The relative growth rate of callus was reduced under both stresses, however, the reverse was true for callus dry weight. Sodium (Na+) content of the callus tissue was increased only under NaCl induced stress. Salt induced stress reduced K+ and Ca2+ contents, but the PEG induced stress increased them. Higher levels of stress increased the proline content many folds with more increase being under PEG stress than that under NaCl. Water and osmotic potentials of the callus tissue decreased, whereas turgor potential increased under both abiotic stresses. Overall, Basmati-370 was more tolerant to both NaCl and PEG induced stresses than Basmati-Kashmir, because of less reduction in growth and more dry weight. Moreover, Basmati-370 accumulated higher amounts of cations, free proline, and maintained maximum turgor as compared to Basmati-Kashmir. In conclusion, at cellular level, mechanism of NaCl induced osmotic stress tolerance was found to be associated with more ionic accumulation of inorganic solutes and that of PEG induced osmotic stress tolerance with the accumulation of free proline, as an important osmolyte in the cytosol.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal RK, Gupta SC (1995) Plant growth substances as osmoregulants under salt stress in callus cultures of cowpea. Indian J Plant Physiol 4:325–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM, Al-Bahrany AM (2002) Callus growth and proline accumulation in response to sorbitol and sucrose-induced osmotic stress in rice. Biol Plant 45:609–611

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khayri JM (2002) Growth, proline accumulation, and ion content in sodium chloride-stressed callus of date palm. In Vitro Cell Develop. Biol Plant 38:79–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Almansouri M, Kinet JM, Lutts S (2000) Physiological analysis of salinity resistance in Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.: Callus versus whole plant responses. Options Mediterraneennes Ser A Seminaires Mediterraneens 40:263–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007) Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Env Exp Bot 59:206–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attree SM, Moore D, Sawhney VK, Fowke LC (1991) Enhanced maturation and desiccation tolerance of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) somatic embryos: effect of a non-plasmolysing water stress and abscisic acid. Ann Bot 68:519–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat MN, Abdel-Latif TH (1995) In vitro selection for drought tolerant lines in wheat. I. Effect of polyethylene glycol on the embryogenic cultures. Alexandria J Agric Res 40:97–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Basu S, Gangopadhyay G, Mukherjee BB (2002) Salt tolerance in rice in vitro: implication of accumulation of Na+, K+ and proline. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 69:55–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determinations of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaskaran S, Smith RH, Newton RJ (1985) Physiological changes in cultured sorghum cells in response to induced water stress I. Free proline. Plant Physiol 79:239–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Binzel ML, Reuveni M (1994) Cellular mechanisms of salt tolerance in plant cells. Hort Rev 16:33–69

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camara TR, Willadino L, Torne JM, Manick A, Santos MA (2000) Effect of salt stress and exogenous proline in maize callus. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 12:146–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan VA, Prathapasenan G (2000) Growth characteristic and ion contents of rice callus under the influence of NaCl and hydroxyproline. Acta Physiol Plant 22:39–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer GR, Lauchli A, Polito VS (1985) Displacement of Ca2+ by Na+ from plasmalemma of root cells: a primary response to stress? Plant Physiol 79:207–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Do-Quang B, Laszlo EH, Ibolya SK (2000) In vitro studies on salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes 8:25–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkard A, Dingkuhn M, Wittstock C, Doerffling K (1999) Sodium and potassium uptake of rice panicles as affected by salinity and season in relation to yield and yield component. Plant Soil 207:133–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangopadhyay G, Basu S (2000) Proline as osmotic stress-marker in in vitro system. In: Hemantaranjan A (ed) Plant physiology, biochemistry and plant molecular biology in 2000, vol. 3. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp 283–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangopadhyay G, Basu S, Gupta S (1997a) In vitro selection and physiological characterization of NaCl- and mannitol-adapted callus lines in Brassica juncea. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 50(3):161–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gangopadhyay G, Basu S, Mukherjee BB, Gupta S (1997b) Effect of salt and osmotic shocks on unadapted and adapted callus lines of tobacco. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 49:45–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia A, Florido M, Perez I, Lara RM, Gonzalez MC, Marrero MT (1999) Membrane stability and total protein content in rice callus subjected to water stress. Cultivos Tropicales 20:17–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez S, Garcia E (1988) Effect of water stress on callus and plantlets of sugarcane. Revista del Jardin Botanico Nacional 9:57–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SD, Auge RM, Denchev PD, Conger BV (1995) Growth, proline accumulation and water relations of NaCl-selected and non-selected callus lines of Dactylis glomerata L. Env Exp Bot 35:83–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handa AK, Bressan RA, Handa S, Hasegawa PM (1982) Characteristics of cultured tomato cells after prolonged exposure to medium containing polyethylene glycol. Plant Physiol 69:514–521

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson AD, Hitz WD (1982) Metabolic responses of mesophytes to plant water deficits. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33:163–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Handa S, Handa AK (1984) Cellular mechanisms of tolerance to water stress. HortScience 19:371–377

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He DY, Yu SW (1995) In vitro selection of a high-proline-producing variant from rice callus and studies on its salt tolerance. Acta Phytophysiol Sinica 21(1):65–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohl M, Schopfer P (1991) Water relations of growing maize coleoptiles. Plant Physiol 95:716–722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hou JH, Geng QH, Hu RH (1992) The effect of water stress on callus of winter wheat. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sinica 7:52–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda T, Fujime Y, Terabayashi S, Date S (2002) Water status of garlic callus under various salt and osmotic stress conditions. Hort Sci 37:404–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Javed F (2002) In vitro salt tolerance in wheat I: growth and ion accumulation in Triticum aestivum. Int J Agric Biol 4:459–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz GA, Sarkadi L (1994) Changes in free amino acid contents of bean callus cultures as affected by non-ionic osmotic stress. Zoldsegtermesztesi Kutato Intezet Bulletinje 26:55–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz GA, Sarkadi SL, Velich I, Varro P (1995) The effect of non-ionic osmotic stress on bean callus cultures. Hort Sci 27:7–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz GA, Simon-Sarkadi L, Velich I, Varro P (1997) Studies of non-ionic osmotic stress on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) callus and seedlings cultures. Acta Hort 44:455–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawlor DW (1970) Absorption of polyethylene glycols by plants and their effects on plant growth. New Phytol 69:501–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linsmaier EM, Skoog F (1965) Organic growth factor requirement of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 8:100–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu T, Staden J van (2001) Partitioning of carbohydrates in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant soybean callus cultures under salinity stress and its subsequent relief. Plant Growth Regul 33:13–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lutts S, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J (1996) Effects of various salts and of mannitol on ion and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus cultures. J Plant Physiol 149:186–195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lutts S, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J (1999) Improvement of rice callus regeneration in the presence of NaCl. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 57:3–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muralitharan MS, Chandler SF, Steveninck RFM (1993) Physiological adaptation to high ion concentrations or water deficit by callus cultures of high bush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum. Aust J Plant Physiol 20:159–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann P (1997) Salinity resistance and plant growth revisited. Plant Cell Environ 20:1193–1198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newton RJ, Sen S, Puryear JD (1987) Free proline in water-stressed pine callus. Tappi J 70:141–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newton RJ, Sen S, Puryear JD (1989) Solute contribution to osmotic potential loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) callus. J Plant Physiol 34:746–750

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton RJ, Bhasakaran S, Puryear JD, Smith RH (1986) Physiological changes in culture sorghum cells in response to induced water stress: II. Soluble carbohydrates and organic acids. Plant Physiol 81:626–629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nigel WB, Jotham JP, Azhakanandam K, Power JB, Lowe KC, Cocking EC, Davey MR (1999) Callus initiation, maintenance, and shoot induction in rice. In: Plant cell culture protocols. ISBN 1-59259-583-9

  • Orton TJ (1980) Comparison of salt tolerance between Hordeum vulgare and H. jubatum in whole plants and callus cultures. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie 98:105–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paek KY, Chandler SF, Thorpe TA (1988) Physiological effects of Na2SO4 and NaCl on callus cultures of Brassica campestris (Chinese cabbage). Physiol Plant 72:160–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pushpalatha T, Padmanabhan C (1998) Studies on in vitro testing for salt tolerance in callus cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Current Agric 22:109–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Pushpam R, Rangasamy SRS (2000a) Effect of salinity on protein and proline content of callus and seedlings of rice. Crop Res 20:192–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Pushpam R, Rangasamy SRS 2000b In vitro response of rice genotypes to salt stress. Madras Agric J 87:694–697

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy PC, Vajranabhaiah SN (1996) The role of polyamines, ATP, kinetin and selection in stress tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) calli. Adv Plant Sci 9:143–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudulier DL, Strom AR, Dandekar AM, Smith LT, Valentine RC (1984) Molecular biology of osmoregulation. Science 224:1064–1068

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santos CL, Dos V, Caldeira G (1999) Comparative responses of Helianthus annuus plants and calli exposed to NaCl. I: growth rate and osmotic regulation in intact plants and calli. J Plant Physiol 155:769–777

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos-Diaz MS, Ochoa-Alejo N (1994a) Effect of water stress on growth, osmotic potential and solute accumulation in cell cultures from chili pepper (a mesophyte) and creosote bush (a xerophyte). Plant Sci 96:21–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos-Diaz MS, Ochoa-Alejo N (1994b) PEG tolerant cell clones of chili pepper: growth, osmotic potential and solute accumulation. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 37:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathish P, Gamborg OL, Nabors MW (1997) Establishment of stable NaCl-resistant rice plant lines from anther culture: distribution pattern of K+/Na+ in callus and plant cells. Theo Appl Gene 95:1203–1209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah SH, Wainwright SJ, Merrett MJ (1990) The interaction of sodium and calcium chlorides and light on growth, potassium nutrition, and proline accumulation in callus cultures of Medicago sativa L. New Phytol 116:37–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shankhdhar D, Shankhdhar SC, Mani RC (2000) In vitro selection for salt tolerance in rice. Biol Plant 43:477–480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibli RA, Al-Juboory K (2002) Comparative responses of “Nabali” olive microshoot, callus and suspension cell cultures to salinity and water deficit. J Plant Nut 25:61–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh BR, Singh DP (1995) Agronomic and physiological responses of sorghum, maize and pearl millet to irrigation. Field Crop Res 42:57–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RH, Bhaskaran S, Newton R, Miller F (1984) Sorghum varieties screened in vitro for osmotic tolerance and physiological studies. Plant Physiol 75:174

    Google Scholar 

  • Stavarek SJ, Rains DW (1984) The development of tolerance to mineral stress. Hort Sci 19:377–382

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephen RG, Zeng L, Shannon MC, Roberts SR (2002) Rice is more sensitive to salinity than previously thought. Annual Report of U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Research Service, p 481

  • Taiz L, Zeiger E (2002) Plant physiology, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JC, Armand RL, Bohnert HJ (1992) Influence of NaCl on growth proline and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase level in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum suspension cultures. Plant Physiol 98:626–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner NC, Jones MM (1980) Turgor maintenance by osmotic adjustment: a review and evaluation. In: Turner NC, Kramer BJ (eds) Adaptation of plants to water and high temperature stress. Willey Interscience, New York, pp 89–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanekamp JH, Lampe JEM, Koot JHM (1989) Organic acids as source of drought-induced proline synthesis in field bean (Vicia faba L.) plants. J Plant Physiol 133:654–659

    Google Scholar 

  • Willadino L, Camara T, Boget N, Claparols I, Santos M, Torne JM (1996a) Polyamine and free amino acid variations in NaCl-treated embryogenic maize callus from sensitive and resistant cultivars. J Plant Physiol 149:179–185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willadino L, Camara T, Boget N, Claparols I, Santos M, Torne JM (1996b) Polyamine variations in sensitive embryogenic callus of maize as a response to NaCl stress. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 8:161–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu SC, Dai JV, Shen XY, Wang LZ, Cui Q, Zhu YL (1995) The effect of water stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica 21:356–363

    Google Scholar 

  • YanJun S, GuangMin L, ChunYan X (2000) Effect of water stress on the callus of winter wheat with different drought resistance. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 15:47–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S, Kasai Y, Watanabe K, Fujino M (1999) Proline stimulates albino regeneration from anther- and seed-derived rice callus under high osmosis. J Plant Physiol 155:107–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Farrukh Javed & Muhammad Ashraf

Authors
  1. Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Farrukh Javed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Ashraf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, M., Javed, F. & Ashraf, M. Iso-osmotic effect of NaCl and PEG on growth, cations and free proline accumulation in callus tissue of two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Plant Growth Regul 53, 53–63 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9204-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9204-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation