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Virulence attenuation of a UDP-galactose/N-acetylglucosamine β1,4 galactosyltransferase expressing Leishmania donovani promastigote

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Abstract

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agent of leishmaniasis, a disease whose manifestations in humans range from mild cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections. Human visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani. Long-term culture in vitro leads to the attenuation of the parasite. This loss of parasite virulence is associated with the expression of a developmentally regulated UDP-Galactose/N-acetylglucosamine β 1–4 galactosyltransferase and galactose terminal glycoconjugates as determined by their agglutination with the pea nut agglutinin (PNA). Thus, all promastigotes passaged for more than 11 times were 100% agglutinated with PNA, and represent a homogeneous population of avirulent parasites. Identical concentrations of PNA failed to agglutinate promastigotes passaged for ≤5 times. These PNA− promastigotes were virulent. Promastigotes passaged from 5 to 10 times showed a mixed population. The identity of populations defined by virulence and PNA agglutination was confirmed by isolating PNA+ avirulent and PNA− virulent clones from the 7th passage promastigotes. Only the PNA+ clones triggered macrophage microbicidal activity. The PNA+ clones lacked lipophosphoglycan. Intravenous administration of [14C] galactose-labeled parasite in BALB/c mice resulted in rapid clearance of the parasite from blood with a concomitant accumulation in the liver. By enzymatic assay and RT-PCR we have shown the association of a UDP-Galactose/N-acetylglucosamine β1,4 galactosyltransferase with only the attenuated clones. By immunofluorescence we demonstrated that the enzyme is located in the Golgi apparatus. By western blot analysis and SDS-PAGE of the affinity-purified protein, we have been able to identify a 29 KDa galactose terminal protein from the avirulent clones.

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Abbreviations

GalT:

UDP-Galactose/N-Acetylglucosamine β1.4 Galactosyltransferase

LD:

Leishmania donovani

V-LD:

virulent Leishmania donovani clone

A-LD:

avirulent Leishmania donovani clone

Mφ:

macrophage

PNA:

pea nut agglutinin

Ab:

antibody

mAb:

monoclonal antibody

RB:

respiratory burst

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (Grant numbers, SP/SO/B-04/2000 and SR/SO/HS-46/2004). UDP-Gal/GlcNAc β1–4galactosyltransferase antibody was kindly provided by Prof. S. Basu, University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame, USA). LPG specific mAb (ascitis fluid, CA7AE, isotype IgM) and the mutant strain R2D2 was the kind gift of Dr S. Turco, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

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  1. Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India

    S. K. Bhaumik, M. Singh, R. Basu, S. Bhaumik, K. Roychoudhury, K. Naskar, S. Roy & T. De

  2. Department of Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India

    T. De

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  1. S. K. Bhaumik
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Bhaumik, S.K., Singh, M., Basu, R. et al. Virulence attenuation of a UDP-galactose/N-acetylglucosamine β1,4 galactosyltransferase expressing Leishmania donovani promastigote. Glycoconj J 25, 459–472 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-007-9098-0

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