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Fine-scale genetic structure of Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) at contrasting elevations of the altitudinal gradient

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Abstract

Montane forests provide the natural framework to test for various ecological settings at distinct elevations as they may affect population demography, which in turn will affect the spatial genetic structure (SGS). We analyzed the fine-scale SGS of Nothofagus pumilio, which dominates mountain areas of Patagonia, in three pairs of sites at contrasting elevations (low- vs. high-elevation). Within a total area of 1 ha fresh leaf tissue from 90 individuals was collected at each of the six studied stands following a spatially explicit sampling design. Population genetic diversity parameters were analyzed for all sampled individuals using five polymorphic isozyme loci, and a subset of 50 individuals per stand were also screened for five microsatellite loci. The SGS was assessed on 50 individuals/stand, using the combined datasets of isozymes and microsatellites. Most low-elevation stands consisted of older individuals with complex age structures and genetically diverse plots. In contrast, high-elevation stands and one post-fire low-elevation population yielded even-aged structures with evidence of growth suppression, and were genetically homogeneous. All stands yielded significant SGS. Similarly to mature stands of the non-sprouter congener Nothofagus dombeyi, multi-age low-altitude N. pumilio yielded significant SGS weakened by competing species of the understory and the formation of seedling banks. Alike the sprouter Nothofagus antarctica, high-altitude stands produced significant SGS as a consequence of occasional seedling establishment reinforced by vegetative spread.

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Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to M.C. Acosta, M. Arbetman, G.A. Carrizo, M. Fernandez, N. Mathiasen, P. Quiroga, A. Rovere, and C. Souto for assistance during fieldwork and/or in the laboratory. We thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions that improved our manuscript. Administración de Parques Nacionales allowed plant collection within protected areas. This work was supported by Universidad Nacional del Comahue (04/B157). P.M. and A.C.P. are members of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET).

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  1. Laboratorio Ecotono, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina

    Paula Mathiasen & Andrea C. Premoli

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  1. Paula Mathiasen
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  2. Andrea C. Premoli
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Correspondence to Andrea C. Premoli.

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Mathiasen, P., Premoli, A.C. Fine-scale genetic structure of Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) at contrasting elevations of the altitudinal gradient. Genetica 141, 95–105 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-013-9709-6

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