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Sex chromosomes and associated rDNA form a heterochromatic network in the polytene nuclei of Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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Abstract

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, has a diploid set of 2n = 12 chromosomes including a pair of sex chromosomes, XX in females and XY in males, but polytene nuclei show only five polytene chromosomes, obviously formed by five autosome pairs. Here we examined the fate of the sex chromosomes in the polytene complements of this species using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the X and Y chromosome-derived probes, prepared by laser microdissection of the respective chromosomes from mitotic metaphases. Specificity of the probes was verified by FISH in preparations of mitotic chromosomes. In polytene nuclei, both probes hybridized strongly to a granular heterochromatic network, indicating thus underreplication of the sex chromosomes. The X chromosome probe (in both female and male nuclei) highlighted most of the granular mass, whereas the Y chromosome probe (in male nuclei) identified a small compact body of this heterochromatic network. Additional hybridization signals of the X probe were observed in the centromeric region of polytene chromosome II and in the telomeres of six polytene arms. We also examined distribution of the major ribosomal DNA (rDNA) using FISH with an 18S rDNA probe in both mitotic and polytene chromosome complements of B. oleae. In mitotic metaphases, the probe hybridized exclusively to the sex chromosomes. The probe signals localized a discrete rDNA site at the end of the short arm of the X chromosome, whereas they appeared dispersed over the entire dot-like Y chromosome. In polytene nuclei, the rDNA was found associated with the heterochromatic network representing the sex chromosomes. Only in nuclei with preserved nucleolar structure, the probe signals were scattered in the restricted area of the nucleolus. Thus, our study clearly shows that the granular heterochromatic network of polytene nuclei in B. oleae is formed by the underreplicated sex chromosomes and associated rDNA.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Institutional funds of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and grant IAA600960925 of the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague. S. K. acknowledges support from Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (project MZE 0002716202). J.Š. received additional support from the grant GAJU 137/2010/P of the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

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  1. Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Elena Drosopoulou, Ifigeneia Nakou & Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Jindra Šíchová & František Marec

  3. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Jindra Šíchová & František Marec

  4. Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Svatava Kubíčková

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  1. Elena Drosopoulou
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  2. Ifigeneia Nakou
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Correspondence to Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou.

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Drosopoulou, E., Nakou, I., Šíchová, J. et al. Sex chromosomes and associated rDNA form a heterochromatic network in the polytene nuclei of Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Genetica 140, 169–180 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-012-9668-3

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