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Ghosts in the archive: The palestinian villages and the Decolonial archives

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A Correction to this article was published on 11 August 2022

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Abstract

The article drives from the Israeli colonial archives and seeks to crack their structure, foundations and imagination. It wishes to establish a counter postcolonial/decolonial archive, based on colonial sources, while taking into consideration the specific condition of the Israeli colonialism and settler colonialism, and mainly the repressive administration of the colonial archives. While colonial bodies and archives erase the indigenous history and past, the counter archive aims to return them to their original population and to the pubic-sphere, calling for democratization processes. It will be established on the ruins of the Israeli colonial archive, will tell the story of the Palestinian villages that their population was uprooted and exiled (before and after exile), the story of the Palestinian population who remained in Palestine under military regime, strangers in the house; the erasure and attempt to control Palestinian historiography and culture to support official Israeli narrative. The decolonial archive will also gather indigenous materials in colonial archives, point out the physical and interpretative forces exerted on them, cleanse them of their biased interpretation and focus on structuring a reading that differs from the original colonial designation. It will restore them to indigenous history, enabling the construction of an alternative multi- layered database, different from the one-sided characteristic of colonial archives. The proposal then is to turn the Israeli colonial archive–corrupt, oppressive and destructive, into a more autonomous site–not only the materials themselves but also the way they are contextualized, read and interpreted.

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Notes

  1. Re alternative Palestinian/Israeli discourse see Robinson 2003.

  2. Margalit Shilo shows that Arthur Ruppin was familiar "with the Arab press, through a special Zionist clerk, that translate the Jewish material they printed" (1984, 56). However, she doesn’t indicate when it started. It might be in 1910 as Etan Bloom demonstrates (2008, 366). In addition, it is not clear if the clerk also translated Palestinian material. If not, the practice of collecting intelligence about the Palestinians for colonial purposes started towards the end of WW1 and after (Gelber 1992, 11–13).

  3. https://www.knesset.gov.il/review/data/heb/law/kns1_property.pdf (all web sites were accessed on February 10, 2020).

  4. State Controller’s Report 50b: http://www.acri.org.il/he/1940 See also Forte 2003, Hazkani 2019.

  5. Except of the Museum of Israeli Intelligence Heritage and Communication Center that shows weapons alongside cultural artefacts and present them in a biased manner as material confiscated from terrorists: https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/he/%d7%a1%d7%99%d7%95%d7%a8-%d7%95%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%98%d7%95%d7%90%d7%9c%d7%99/.

  6. “Rules, Orders and Instructions:” http://www.archives.mod.gov.il/about/Pages/hukimtkanot.aspx. At the same time, museums are too ruled and expose material according to colonial norms.

  7. https://sipurheifai.wordpress.com/2013/10/01/מאגד-חמרה-ماجد-خمرة/.

  8. Correspondence with Al-Halabi 26.9.16.

  9. The Nakba Archive was stablished in 2002: http://nakba-archive.org/?page_id=956.

    Palestine Remembered was established in 2003: https://www.palestineremembered.com.

  10. Akevot–Institute for Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Research was established in 2015 following a lecture I gave in Zochrot in 2013. It collects information in Israeli archives that deal with "black holes"- such as the kidnap of Yemenite children and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although it researches within Israeli archives, it doesn’t define itself as a postcolonial/decolonial archive and doesn't collect information from a Palestinian perspective.

  11. I suggested to use the materials taken by Jewish forces- such as Village Files, aerial photographs and surveys- by neutralizing their biased contents and transformed them into a vital source of information in Sela 2009a, b, 2011, 2013a, 2015, 2018a, b.

  12. A proposal to build a postcolonial archive of the villages was submitted, with no success, to various institution- to Zochrot in January 2010, to School of Architecture, Tel Aviv University in October 2010, to Van Leer Institute in November 2010, to the Truman Institute in February 2012, to Palestinian Internally Displaced Committee in 2014; and also presented at several conferences.

  13. Earliest studies do not distinguish between the two methods and relate to the Surveys as Village Files (Black & Morris 1991, 24–25, 129; Benvenisti 2002, 70–71; Pappé 2006, 17–22). Yoav Gelber was the first to set apart the two different methods of information gathering. However he wrote that they were both initiated by the Information Service and attached only initial and general information about the Village Files (Gelber 1992, 329–31, 526–527; see also Ben-Ze'ev 2011, 51–55), while studies from the beginning of the millennium showed that these were different methods and expanded the research (Salomon 2001, 2005; Sela 2009a).

    I allocate a lot of room to the visual aspects of the Village Files (photography from the ground and from the air, maps, sketches (Sela 2009a, 2011, 2013a, 2018b; later also Salomon 2010, 2018), while others studies dealt mainly with different (non-visual) aspects. Ben Zeev too relates to the cartographic aspect and photography from the air, but do not discuss other means (Ben-Ze'ev 2011, 51–55).

  14. It is also important to note that for many years hundreds of Surveys were not open to researchers and to the public. Although they do not have the potential to harm Israeli national security or foreign relations or privacy (the cause to restrict material according to The Freedom of Information Law, 1998 paragraph 9a), they were closed in the office of the deputy manager of the Haganah Archive who himself wrote about them (Salomon 2001, 2005). Furthermore, he analyzed the activities of intelligence bodies who were active before 1948 from an official Israeli perspective and deleted, from his publications, studies that challenge the official narrative. With regards to the Village Files, many of them have been lost, destroyed, burned or hidden by intelligence after the establishment of the State of Israel; only a small number is available (Sela 2009a, 2011, 2013a, 2018b). Salomon testified: "There is no doubt that quite a few files survived the war. What became of them? I imagine that most of them were cleared out by intelligence officers" (ibid). In addition, aerial photographs that I saw prior the publication of my first book on the subject (2009), were declassified and closed later. However, as photography is a medium that enables to duplicate images, I found them in another place (ibid, 50).

  15. Probably from the latest days of the SHAI. It was closed and moved to IDF in June30, 1948.

  16. Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Archives: http://www.israelalbum.org.il/.

    Nostalgia Online: http://www.nostal.co.il/#.

  17. From the Facebook page of A'inak Ala Haifa.

  18. http://www.jancodada.co.il/?page_id=1263&lang=en.

  19. See the film 500 Dunam on the Moon (2002, directed by Rachel Leah Jones) that narrates the tragedy of 'Ayn Hawd occupied and depopulated by Israelis. See also House (1980, directed by Amos Gitai), depicting a residence in Jerusalem’s German Colony which belonged to Palestinian doctor Mahmoud Dajani captured and expropriated by Israeli immigrants.

  20. See also Stein 2010, 10.

  21. "Reading a Visual Archive, Lifta as a Case Study", Save Lifta conference, July 25, 2013: http://savelifta.org/article/%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90-%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%90-%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9F-%D7%93/.

  22. www.tursinai-organi.co.il.

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This is an expanded and updated version of the article: "On the Ruins of the Colonial Archive." Bezalel Journal 4 (2017, Hebrew).

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Sela, R. Ghosts in the archive: The palestinian villages and the Decolonial archives. GeoJournal 87, 3423–3442 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10364-4

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