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Larval survey and spatial epidemiological analysis of vector Aedes aegypti to study the risk of dengue outbreak in India

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In view of increasing incidences of dengue infections in India, a precautionary comprehensive management study based on entomological survey, statistical analysis and Global Positioning System (GPS) in six villages (around Hyderabad) of Medchal-Malkajgiri District was carried out. The present article includes the results of (1) investigating the prevalence of Aedes aegypti mosquito, identifying the sites of its breeding through entomological survey and understanding its significance using container index (CI), house index (HI), breteau index (BI) and breeding preference ratio (BPR) (2) investigating the relationship between the types of containers with presence of larvae using logistic regression and (3) visualizing the pattern and association between the positive houses and breeding development sites using a combination of (GPS) and Google Earth Pro software. The entomological survey explored highest vector abundance (with Density Index (DI) of 8) at village Malkaram, followed by Mandaipalle with DI of 7. Further, logistic regression substantiated higher odds ratio of larvae presence for villages Mandaipalle and Upparpalle, compared to Malkaram. This was further corroborated from the visual pattern obtained using google earth which displayed the presence of highest breeding development sites in the vicinity of positive houses in Malkaram. The obtained data was shared with public health workers as it authenticated the reasons for the recent diagnosis of dengue cases in Malkaram and Mandaipalle villages. Identifying the positive houses and breeding development sites can help the public health workers use the vector control measures efficiently. Thus the proposed technique of combining Google Earth with GPS in entomological survey is recommended, especially for the public health workers of developing countries like India as it is a simple and cost effective method.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the people of six villages for their co-operation during the larva survey. Authors are grateful to Dr. Rejitha, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India for fruitful discussions on GPS. Also authors gratefully acknowledge Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) for financial support during the research work.

Funding

The work was supported by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) grant number (File No. 25/2016/ICMR-ICSSR-SBR)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Medchal District, Telangana State, 500078, India

    A. Sajeli Begum & Samrun Nessa

  2. Department of Economics and Finance, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Medchal District, Telangana State, 500078, India

    Swati Alok

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  1. A. Sajeli Begum
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Correspondence to A. Sajeli Begum.

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The work did not involve human or animal participants.

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The study protocol was approved by Institutional Human Ethical committee (BITS-Hyd/IHEC/2017/02P). A brief explanation about the aim and benefits of the study was given to the participants. The demographic details were assured to be kept confidential and signature from the head of the family was obtained on the informed consent form approved by IHEC.

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Begum, A.S., Alok, S. & Nessa, S. Larval survey and spatial epidemiological analysis of vector Aedes aegypti to study the risk of dengue outbreak in India. GeoJournal 86, 81–92 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10060-y

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