Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the beneficial effects of sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SP) on lipid metabolism, liver, and intestinal health in zebrafish fed with high-fat diet (HFD). The zebrafish were fed with regular diet (RD), HFD, and HFD supplemented with 2 g/kg (HFD_2SP) and 4 g/kg (HFD_4SP) of SP, respectively. Growth, serum biochemistry, histopathology, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and tight junction, and changes in intestinal microbiota were detected. Results showed that adding 2 and 4 g/kg of SP in the HFD significantly improved the survival rate of zebrafish; reduced the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT); and alleviated the lipid accumulation in the liver of zebrafish. Furthermore, SP significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of liver and intestine by up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and Cu/Zn-SOD and alleviated liver and intestinal inflammation induced by HFD through up-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 and suppressing the expression of P38MAPK, IL-8, and IL-1β. Especially, dietary SP normalized intestinal microbiota imbalance caused by HFD and inhibited the proliferation of harmful bacteria, i.e., Mycobacterium, but promoted the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria, i.e., Cetobacterium. In summary, 2 and 4 g/kg of dietary SP significantly reduced lipid accumulation, alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress, and normalized the imbalance of intestinal microbiota induced by HFD and consequently improved the survival rate of zebrafish.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Project No. 2019YFD0901002), Northwest A & F University Young Talent Training Program (2452018030), Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2016M600821), and Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province (2018NY-008).
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Ying Lan, Cheng Zhang, Jinding Zhang, and Haibo Yu contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Chi Wang and Pengju Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ying Lan, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The experiment procedures were conducted in compliance with the Guidelines for Animal Research which was approved by Animal Care Committee of Northwest A&F University (Yang ling, China).
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Lan, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, C. et al. Dietary sea buckthorn polysaccharide reduced lipid accumulation, alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress, and normalized imbalance of intestinal microbiota that was induced by high-fat diet in zebrafish Danio rerio. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 1717–1735 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01105-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01105-0