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Toxicological and hematological effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis

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Abstract

Increasing demand for eco-friendly botanical piscicides and pesticides as replacements for harmful synthetic chemicals has led to investigation of new sources of plant materials. Stem bark of Terminalia arjuna, which has been used as a popular folk medicine since ancient time, was examined for its piscicidal activity. This study aims to determine toxicity of ethanol extract of T. arjuna bark on fresh water stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), along with evaluation of changes in hematological parameters of the fishes exposed to a lethal concentration. The percent mortality of fishes varied significantly in response to concentrations of the extract and exposure times (between exposure time F = 36.57, p < 0.001; between concentrations F = 39.93, p < 0.001). The lethal concentrations (LC50) of ethanol extract were found to be 12.7, 8.94, 5.63 and 4.71 mg/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. During acute toxicity test, blood samples of treatment fishes showed significant decreases in the red blood cells count, hematocrit content, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and plasma protein level when compared to those of the control group, while there were significant increases in the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cells count and plasma glucose concentration. These results suggest that T. arjuna bark extract could be considered as a potent piscicide due to its toxic effect on fish, particularly fish hematology.

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Abbreviations

Hb:

Hemoglobin

Hct:

Hematocrit

LC50 :

Median lethal concentration

MCH:

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MCHC:

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

MCV:

Mean corpuscular volume

RBCs:

Red blood cells

TAC:

Total alkaloid content

TFC:

Total flavonoid compound

TPC:

Total phenolic compound

WBCs:

White blood cells

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the University of Malaya for the financial support and facilities provided to successfully carry out this research from HIR project (UM.C/625/1/HIR-MOHE/ENG/20) and UMRG project (RP001-2012D).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    A. Suely, H. Zabed, A. B. A. Ahmed & J. Mohamad

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh

    M. Nasiruddin

  3. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Program Area, Faculty of Engineering, Institut Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Gadong, P.O. Box 2909, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam

    J. N. Sahu

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    J. N. Sahu

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    P. Ganesan

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  1. A. Suely
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  2. H. Zabed
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Suely, A., Zabed, H., Ahmed, A.B.A. et al. Toxicological and hematological effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis . Fish Physiol Biochem 42, 431–444 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0149-3

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