Abstract
A flame detection synthesis algorithm is presented in this paper. The temporal and spatial of flames, such as flame movement, color clues and flame area variation are incorporated into the scheme to detect fires in video frames. Firstly, Choquet fuzzy integral was adopted to integrate color features and texture feature for extracting dynamic regions from video frames. Secondly, mean filtering was used to smooth RGB value of the video frame pixels and detected dynamic regions were filtered by a flame color filtering algorithm to extract candidate flame regions. Finally, a flame area variation identification algorithm was used to distinguish true flames from candidate flame regions. Experiments show that the proposed method is effective, robust and remains with strong anti-jamming performance against brightness variation. The processing rate of the flame detection method achieves 24 frames per second with image size of 320 × 240 pixels.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Proulx G (2008) Evacuation time. In: the SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering. 4th ed. National Fire Protection Association; Quincy, MA, pp 355–372
Tavares RM, Galea ER (2009) Evacuation modelling analysis within the operational research context: a combined approach for improving enclosure designs. Building and Environment 44(5):1005–1016
Celik T, Demirel H, Ozkaramanli H, Uyguroglu M (2007) Fire detection using statistical color model in video sequences. J Vis Commun Image Represent 18(2):176–185
Cheng XF, Wu JH, Yuan X, Zhou H (1999) Principles for a video fire detection system. Fire Saf J 33(1): 57–69
Ono T, Ishii H, Kawamura K, Miura H, Momma E, Fujisawa T, et al (2006) Application of neural network to analyses of CCD colour TV-camera image for the detection of car fires in expressway tunnels. Fire Saf J 41(4): 279–84
Chen T, Yuan HY, Su GF, Fan WC (2004) Automatic fire searching and suppression system for large spaces. Fire Saf J 39(4):297–307
Chen TH, Wu PH, Chiou YC (2004) An early fire-detection method based on image processing. In: Proceedings of 2004 IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 1707–1710
Wen-Bing Homg, Jim-Wen Peng (2005) A new image-based real-time flame detection method using color analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE international conference on networking, sensing and control, pp 100–105
Liu CB, Ahuja N (2004) Vision based fire detection. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR’04), pp 134–137
Dedeoglu Y, Toreyin BU, Gudukbay U, Cetin AE (2005) Real-time fire and flame detection in video. In: Proceedings of 2005 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing, pp 669–672
Toreyin BU, Dedeoglu Y, Gudukbay U, Cetin AE (2006) Computer vision based method for real-time fire and flame detection. Pattern Recognit Lett 27(1):49–58.
Toreyin BU, Dedeoglu Y, Cetin AE (2005) Flame detection in video using hidden markov models. In: Proceedings of 2005 international conference on image processing, pp 2457–2460
Marbach G, Loepfe M, Brupbacher T (2006) An image processing technique for fire detection in video images. Fire Saf J 41(4):285–289
Schultze T, Kempka T, Willms I (2006) Audio-video fire-detection of open fires. Fire Saf J 41(4):311–314
Ko BC, Cheong K-H, Nam J-Y (2009) Fire detection based on vision sensor and support vector machines. Fire Saf J 44(3):322–329
Zhang J, Zhuang J, Du H, Wang S (2006) A flame detection algorithm based on video multi-feature fusion. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp 784–792
Chen J, He Y, Wang J (2010) Multi-feature fusion based fast video flame detection. Build Environ 45(5):1113–1122
Wong J, LI H (2006) Development of a conceptual model for the selection of intelligent building systems. Build Environ 41(8):1106–1123
Verstockt S, Van Hoeckeb S, Bejic T, Mercic B (2012) A multi-modal video analysis approach for car park fire detection. Fire Saf J, Available online 13 Aug 2012
Javed O, Shafique K, Shah M (2002) A hierarchical approach to robust background subtraction using color and gradient information. In: Proceedings of 2002 motion and video computing, pp 22–27
Grabisch M, Murofushi T, Sugeno M (2000) Fuzzy measures and integrals: theory and applications. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 314–319
El Baf F, Bouwmans T, Vachon B (2008) Fuzzy integral for moving object detection. In: Proceedings of 2008 FUZZ-IEEE
Yao J, Odobez J-M (2007) Multi-layer background subtraction based on color and texture. In: Proceedings of 2007 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1–8
Soille P (2003) Morphological image analysis: principles and applications. Springer, New York
Cheng X, Wang DC, Yin DL (2005) Image type fire flame detecting principle. Fire Saf Sci 14(4):239–45 (in Chinese)
Church J, Chen Y, Rice S (2008) A spatial median filter for noise removal in digital images. In: Proceedings of 2008 IEEE SoutheastCon, pp 618–623
Acknowledgments
The support from the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 91024027 is acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, S., He, Y., Zou, J. et al. A Flame Detection Synthesis Algorithm. Fire Technol 50, 959–975 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-012-0321-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-012-0321-6