Abstract
Guar, [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] is an annual summer legume that is widely grown in arid and semi-arid regions. It is a diploid legume (2n = 2x = 14) with a genome size of approximately 560 Mb. Guar can fix atmospheric nitrogen via a symbiotic process with rhizobial bacteria, thus enhancing soil fertility and decreasing the need for the use of expensive nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Guar is a drought- and heat-tolerant crop and can be grown using minimal agricultural inputs. Guar can be used as vegetable, feed/fodder, or green manure. One of the primary driving factors for guar cultivation is galactomannan gum, known as guar gum, found in the seed endosperm. Guar gum has various industrial uses that range from cosmetic applications, food ingredients, to the oil industries. India is the lead guar production and accounts for more than 80% of the world production. The U.S. is the world largest guar market. This review discusses the status of genomic resources in guar, the progress made for germplasm evaluation of various agronomic traits, and the genetic engineering efforts in guar.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akçura M, Müftüoğlu NM, Kaplan M, Türkmen C (2020) Nutrient potential and mineral contents of some vegetable cluster bean genotypes. Cereal Chem 97(6):1193–1203
Alcalá-Briseño RI, Okada R, Herrera F, Valverde RA (2018) A novel endornavirus isolated from cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Archives Virol 163(8):2279–2282
Al-Qurainy F, Alshameri A, Gaafar AR, Khan S, Nadeem M, Alameri AA, Tarroum M, Ashraf M (2019) Comprehensive stress-based de Novo transcriptome assembly and annotation of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.): an important industrial and forage crop. Int J Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7295859
Alshameri A, Al-qurainy F, Khan S, Nadeem M, Gaafar A, Tarroum M, Alameri A, Alansi S, Ashraf M (2017) Appraisal of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] accessions for forage purpose under the typical Saudi Arabian environmental conditions encompassing high temperature, salinity and drought. Pak J Bot 49(4):1405–1413
Alshameri A, Al-Qurainy F, Gaafar AR, Khan S, Nadeem M, Alansi S (2020) Identification of heat-responsive genes in guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]. Int J Genom. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3126592
Ansari A, Singh SP, Lade S, Kumar YH, Ranade SA (2016) Genetic diversity clusters in germplasm of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.), an important food and an industrial legume crop. J Agric Sci Technol 18(5):1393–1406
Ashraf MY, Akhtar K, Sarwar G, Ashraf M (2002) Evaluation of arid and semi-arid ecotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) for salinity (NaCl) tolerance. J Arid Environ 52(4):473–482
Avola G, Riggi E, Trostle C, Sortino O, Gresta F (2020) Deficit irrigation on guar genotypes (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L..) Taub.): effects on seed yield and water use efficiency. Agronomy 10(6):789
Bhatia IS, Singh P, Kumar S, Singh N, Mahindra A, Parkash O, Nagpal ML (1979) Chemical Nature of the pigment of the seed coat of guar (Cluster Bean, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L. Taub.). J Agric Food Chem 27(6):1274–1276
Bhosle S, Kothekar V (2010) Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). J Phytol 2(6):21–27
Boghara MC, Dhaduk HL, Kumar S, Parekh MJ, Patel NJ, Sharma R (2016) Genetic divergence, path analysis and molecular diversity analysis in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.). Ind Crops Prod 89:468–477
Brahmi P, Bhat KV, Bhatnagar AK (2004) Study of allozyme diversity in guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] germplasm. Genet Resour Crop Evol 51(7):735–746
Chaudhary S, Sindhu S (2016) Growth stimulation of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) by coinoculation with rhizosphere bacteria and Rhizobium. Legume Res 39(6):1003–1012
Chaudhury A, Kaila T, Gaikwad K (2019) Elucidation of galactomannan biosynthesis pathway genes through transcriptome sequencing of seeds collected at different developmental stages of commercially important indian varieties of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Sci Rep 9(1):1–17
Chudzikowski RJ (1971) Guar gum and its applications. J Soc Cosm Chem 22:43–60
Couch JR, Creger CR, Bakshi YK (1966) Trypsin inhibitor in guar meal. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 123(1):263–265
Critchley P (1987) Commercial aspects of biocatalysis in low-water systems. Studies Org Chem 29:173–183
Dabas B, Mital S, Singh H, Swarup V (1980) Inheritance of endosperm percentage and gum content in guar. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 40:8–12
Dabas B, Mital S, Arunachalam V (1982) An evaluation of germplasm accessions in guar. Indian J Genet 42(1):56–59
Dennis RE, Johnson DL (1981) Growing Guar in Arizona. The University of Arizona
Dhugga KS, Barreiro R, Whitten B, Stecca K, Hazebroek J, Randhawa GS, Dolan M, Kinney AJ, Tomes D, Nichols S, Anderson P (2004) Guar seed β-mannan synthase is a member of the cellulose synthase super gene family. Science 303(5656):363–366
Francois LE, Donovan TJ, Maas EV (1990) Salinity effects on emergence, vegetative growth, and seed yield of guar. Agron J 82(3):587–592
Gaikwad K, Srivastava H, Saxena S, Kaila T, Tyagi A, Sharma P, Sharma S, Sharma R, Mahla H, Amitha MS, Solanke A, Kalia P, Rao A, Rai A, Sharma T, Singh N (2020) Chromosome scale reference genome of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)
Ghaffarian MR, Yadavi A, Movahhedi DM, Dabbagh MNA, Salehi M (2020) Improvement of physiological indices and biological yield by intercropping of kochia (Kochia scoparia), sesbania (Sesbania aculeata) and guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoliba) under the salinity stress of irrigation water. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26(7):1319–1330
Ghorbani M, Hamid S, Ramazani R, Fallahi HR, Mousa S, Koohi M (2019) Effect of drought stress and bio-fertilizer on yield and yield components of guar Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. J M Plants By-Prod 1(1):13–19
Gillaspie AG, Pappu HR, Jain RK, Rey MEC, Hopkins MS, Pinnow DL, Morris JB (1998) Characteristics of a latent potyvirus seedborne in guar and of guar green-sterile virus. Plant Dis 82(7):765–770
Gopala KS, Dwivedi NK, Singh JP (2011) Primitive weedy forms of guar, adak guar: Possible missing link in the domestication of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Genet Resour Crop Evol 58(7):961–966
Goudar R, Srinivasa V, Lakshmana D (2015) Genetic variability and divergence studies in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under hill zone of Karnataka, India. Legume Res ISSN: 0976–0571
Gresta F, Mercati F, Santonoceto C, Abenavoli MR, Ceravolo G, Araniti F, Anastasi U, Sunseri F (2016) Morpho-agronomic and AFLP characterization to explore guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes for the Mediterranean environment. Ind Crops Prod 86:23–30
Gresta F, Ceravolo G, Presti VL, D’Agata A, Rao R, Chiofalo B (2017) Seed yield, galactomannan content and quality traits of different guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes. Industrial Crops Prod 107:122–129
Gresta F, Avola G, Santonoceto CS (2018) Morphological, biological, productive and qualitative characterization of 68 guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes. Ind Crops Prod 114:98–107
Gresta F, Sortino O, Santonoceto C, Issi L, Formantici C, Galante YM (2013) Effects of sowing times on seed yield, protein and galactomannans content of four varieties of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in a Mediterranean environment. Ind Crops Prod 41(1):46–52
Grigoreva E, Ulianich P, Ben C, Gentzbittel L, Potokina E (2019) First insights into the guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) genome of the ‘Vavilovskij 130’ accession, using second and third-generation sequencing technologies. Russian J Genet 55(11):1406–1416
Gurmani Z, Shafeeque S, Zahid M, Imran M (2007) Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.); a low-input and multipurpose crop of Pakistan. Sci Technol Dev 26(2):45–48
Hinson PO, Adams CB (2020) Quantifying tradeoffs in nodulation and plant productivity with nitrogen in guar. Ind Crops Prod 153:112617
Hu H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Kan B, Ding Y, Huang J (2019) Characterization of genes in guar gum biosynthesis based on quantitative RNA-sequencing in guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Sci Rep 9(1):10991
Hughes SG, Overbeeke N, Robinson S, Pollock K, Smeets FLM (1988) Messenger RNA from isolated aleurone cells directs the synthesis of an alpha-galactosidase found in the endosperm during germination of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba) seed. Plant Mol Biol 11(6):783–789
Hymowitz T, Matlock RS (1961) Variations in seedcoat at color of Groehler guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub—genetic or environmental? Crop Sci 1(6):465
Jaiswal PS, Mittal N, Randhawa GS (2018) Cyamopsis tetragonoloba type 1 metallothionein (CtMT1) gene is upregulated under drought stress and its protein product has an additional C-X-C motif and unique metal binding pattern. Int J Biol Macromol 119:1324–1334
Joersbo M, Brunstedt J, Marcussen J, Okkels FT (1999) Transformation of the endospermous legume guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and analysis of transgene transmission. Mol Breed 5(6):521–529
Kaila T, Chaduvla PK, Rawal HC, Saxena S, Tyagi A, Amitha MSV, Solanke AU, Kalia P, Sharma TR, Singh NK, Gaikwad K (2017) Chloroplast genome sequence of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genome structure and comparative analysis. Genes 8(9):212
Kays S, Morris J, Kim Y (2006) Total and soluble dietary fiber variation in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (guar) genotypes. J Food Qual 29(4):383–391
Kgasudi BK, Rekha GK, Jyothi KU, Sasikala K (2020) Variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield attributing characters in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] genotypes. Indian J Agric Res 54(2):247–251
Khan A, Talpur FN, Afridi HI (2020) Accumulation of essential and trace elements in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and guar gum cultivated in semi-arid regions of Sindh. Pakistan Biol Trace Elem Res 194(2):581–588
Khanzada B, Ashraf M, Ala S, Alam S, Shirazi M (2001) Water relations in different guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) genotypes under water stress. Pak J Bot 33(3):279–287
Krishnan SG, Dwivedi NK, Singh JP (2011) Primitive weedy forms of guar, adak guar: possible missing link in the domestication of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Genet Resour Crop Evol 58(7):961–966
Kruchina-Bogdanov IV, Miroshnichenko EV, Shaukharov RA, Kantemirova EN, Golovina MA, Abdullaev KM, Balashov AV, Rusinova EV, Rusinov PG, Potokina EK (2019) Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). Vavilov J Genet Breed 23(7):941–948
Kumar D, Rodge A (2012) Status, scope and strategies of arid legumes research in India-A review. Food Legumes 25(4):255–272
Kumar J, Kumar A, Roy JK, Tuli R, Khan JA (2010) Identification and molecular characterization of begomovirus and associated satellite DNA molecules infecting Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Virus Genes 41(1):118–125
Kumar S, Modi AR, Parekh MJ, Mahla HR, Sharma R, Fougat RS, Yadav D, Yadav NR, Patil GB (2017) Role of conventional and biotechnological approaches for genetic improvement of cluster bean. Ind Crops Prod 97:639–648
Kumar G, Singh S (2019) Effect of temperature constraints on morphological and cytogenetical attributes in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Jordan J BiolSci 12(2):229–235
Kumar S, Joshi UN, Singh V, Singh JV, Saini ML (2013) Characterization of released and elite genotypes of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] from India proves unrelated to geographical origin. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60(7):2017–2032
Kumar S, Joshi UN, Sangwan S, Yadav R, Singh JV, Saini ML (2015) Biomolecular characterization of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotypes along with wild species, C. serrata and C. senegalensis. Plant Syst Evol 301(4):1249–1262
Kumar S, Palve AS, Patel SK, Selvanayagam S, Sharma R, Rathore A (2020) Development of genomic microsatellite markers in cluster bean using next-generation DNA sequencing and their utility in diversity analysis. Current Plant Biol 21:100134
Kuravadi NA, Tiwari PB, Tanwar UK, Tripathi SK, Dhugga KS, Gill KS, Randhawa GS (2014) Identification and characterization of EST-SSR markers in cluster bean (Cyamopsis spp.). Crop Sci 54(3):1097–1102
Liu W, Hou A, Peffley EB, Auld DL, Powell RJ (2006) The inheritance of a basal branching type in guar. Euphytica 151(3):303–309
Liu Y, Lei F, He L, Xu W, Jiang J (2020) Physicochemical characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Gleditsia sinensis Lam and fenugreek: comparison with commercial guar gum. Int J Bio Macromol 158:1047–1054
Liu W, Peffley EB, Powell RJ, Auld DL, Hou A (2007) Association of seedcoat color with seed water uptake, germination, and seed components in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). J Arid Environ 70(1):29–38
Liu WX, Hou AF, Peffley EB, Auld DL (2009) The inheritance and variation of gum content in guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Agric SciChina 8(12):1517–1522
MacMillan J, Adams CB, Trostle C, Rajan N (2021) Testing the efficacy of existing USDA Rhizobium germplasm collection accessions as inoculants for guar. Ind Crops Prod 161:113205
MacMillan J, Shrestha R, Adams CB, Hinson PO, Trostle C (2021) The root system of guar: spatial and temporal analysis of root and nodule development. Ann Appl Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12697
Mahanta S, Pachauri V, Singh N, Singh U, Sharma MS (2001) Nutritional evaluation of improved varieties of guar forage. Indian J Animal Nutr 18(4):330–334
Manivannan A, Anandakumar CR, Yuvaraja A, Sritharan N (2017) Genetic variability and interrelationship among biochemical traits of Indian clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) germplasm. Electron J Plant Breed 8(3):842–848
McCleary BV, Clark AH, Dea ICM, Rees DA (1985) The fine structures of carob and guar galactomannans. Carbohydr Res 139(C):237–260
Meftahizadeh H, Ghorbanpour M, Asareh MH (2019) Comparison of morphological and phytochemical characteristics in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) landraces and cultivars under different sowing dates in an arid environment. Ind Crops Prod 140:111606
Morris JB (2010) Morphological and reproductive characterization of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genetic resources regenerated in Georgia, USA. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57(7):985–993
Morris JB, Wang ML (2017) Functional vegetable guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) accessions for improving flavonoid concentrations in immature pods. J Diet Suppl 14(2):146–157
Mudgil D, Barak S, Khatkar BS (2014) Guar gum: processing, properties and food applications: a review. J Food Sci Technol 51(3):409–418
Naoumkina M, Dixon RA (2011) Characterization of the mannan synthase promoter from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Plant Cell Rep 30(6):997–1006
Naoumkina M, Torres-Jerez I, Allen S, He J, Zhao PX, Dixon RA, May GD (2007) Analysis of cDNA libraries from developing seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). BMC Plant Biol 7(1):1–12
Naoumkina M, Vaghchhipawala S, Tang Y, Ben Y, Powell RJ, Dixon RA (2008) Metabolic and genetic perturbations accompany the modification of galactomannan in seeds of Medicago truncatula expressing mannan synthase from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Plant Biotechnol J 6(6):619–631
NMCE (2014) National multi-commodity exchange
Nwokocha LM (2021) Galactomannans: In Handbook of hydrocolloids, Woodhead Publishing, p. 273–293
Overbeeke N, Fellinger AJ, Toonen MY, van Wassenaar D, Verrips CT (1989) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the α-galactosidase cDNA from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar). Plant Mol Biol 13(5):541–550
Pathak R, Singh SK, Singh M, Henry A (2010) Molecular assessment of genetic diversity in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotypes. J Genet 89(2):243–246
Prem D, Singh S, Gupta PP, Singh J, Kadyan SPS (2005) Callus induction and de novo regeneration from callus in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 80(2):209–214
Purkayastha S, Kaur B, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhury A (2006) Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina, the charcoal rot pathogen of cluster bean, using conventional techniques and PCR-based molecular markers. Plant Pathol 55(1):106–116
Radchenko EE, Abdullaev RA, Alpatieva NV, Putina OV, Gasich EL (2019) Alternaria leaf blight of clusterbean. Vavilov J Genet Select 23(6):641–649
Rahina K, Muhammad IA, Muhammad IC, Ayesha M, Abdur RZ, Basharat A (2020) Soil moisture retention and rainfed wheat yield variations by the addition of gypsum and green manure. J Soil Sci Environ Manage 11(1):6–16
Rai PS, Dharmatti PR (2014) Correlation and path analysis for clusterbean vegetable pod yield. Bioscan 9(2):811–814
Rakovskaya NV, Zabegayeva ON, Dzyubenko EA (2019) Seed quality evaluation in the collection of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba after long-term storage under uncontrolled conditions. Proceed Appl Bot 180(4):48–58
Rao NK, Shahid M (2011) Potential of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] as alternative forage legumes for the United Arab Emirates. Emirates J Food Agric 23(2):147–156
Rasheed MJ, Ahmad K, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F, Khan S, Athar HU (2015) Screening of diverse local germplasm of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] for salt tolerance: a possible approach to utilize salt-affected soils. Pak J Bot 47(5):1721–1726
Rasmussen TB, Donaldson IA (2006) Investigation of the endosperm-specific sucrose synthase promoter from rice using transient expression of reporter genes in guar seed tissue. Plant Cell Rep 25(10):1035–1042
Rawal HC, Kumar S, Amitha MSV, Solanke AU, Nigam D, Saxena S, Tyagi A, Sureshkumar V, Kalia P, Singh NP, Yadav NR, Singh NK, Sharma TR, Gaikwad K (2017) High quality unigenes and microsatellite markers from tissue specific transcriptome and development of a database in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). Genes 8(11):313
Ray DT, Stafford RE (1985) Registration of ‘Santa Cruz’ Guar. Crop Sci 25(6):1124–1125
Reddy D, Saidaiah P, Reddy K, Pandravada S, Geetha A (2019) Genetic variability for growth, pod and quality attributes in germplasm of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Legume Res 42(5):620–624
Santhosha G, Shashikanth E, Gasti V, Prabhuling G, Rathod V, Mulge R (2017) Genetic variability studies in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub.] for growth, yield and quality parameters. Legume Res 1(40):232–236
Santonoceto C, Mauceri A, Lupini A, Gresta F, Chiera E, Sunseri F, Mercati F, Anastasi U (2019) Morpho-agronomic characterization and genetic variability assessment of a guar germplasm collection by a novel SSR panel. Ind Crops Prod 138:111568
Shah Z, Ahmad S, Rahman H (2010) Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system. Pak J Agric Sci 42(4):2589–2598
Sharma P, Kaur A, Kaur S (2017) Nutritional quality of flours from guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) varieties as affected by different processing methods. J Food Sci Technol 54(7):1866–1872
Sharma P, Sharma V, Kumar V (2014) Genetic diversity analysis of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L..) Taub] genotypes using RAPD and ISSR markers. J Agric Sci Technol 16(2):433–443
Sheikh W, Dedhrotiya A, Khan N, Gargi T, Patel J, Acharya S (2015) An efficient in vitro regeneration from cotyledon and cotyledonary node of cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonaloba L Taub). Current Trends Biotechnol Pharm 1(9):175–181
Sheoran LS, Barber S, Khan MI (1979) Water stress and starch accumulation in germinating guar (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.). Plant Sci Lett 15(2):159–163
Shrestha R, Adams CB, Rajan N (2021) Does the drought tolerance of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] extend belowground to root nodules? J Agron Crop Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12494
Singh V, Agarval S (1986) Induced high-yielding mutants in clusterbean. Indian J Agric Sci 56(10):695–700
Singh S, Singh B, Singh G (2017) Genetic divergence studies in clusterbean [Cyamopsis Tetragoloba (L.) Taub.] genotypes for seed yield and gum content under rain-fed conditions. J Appl Nat Sci 9(1):389–394
Singh S, Rani U, Tiwana US, Singh DP, Sirari A (2017) Investigation of optimum conditions for the growth of Fusarium solani EGY1 causing root rot of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). J Appl Nat Sci 9(4):2249–2254
Stafford RE (1987) Dry matter accumulation in different guar genotypes under irrigated and dryland conditions. J Agron Crop Sci 158(1):38–48
Stafford RE (1989) Inheritance of partial male-sterility in guar. Plant Breed 103(1):43–46
Stafford RE, Barker GL (1989) Heritability and interrelationships of pod length and seed weight in guar. Plant Breed 103(1):47–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00350.x
Stafford RE, McMichael BL (1991) Effect of water stress on yield components in guar. J Agron Crop Sci 166(1):63–68
Stafford RE, Ray DT (1985) Registration of Lewis Guar. Crop Sci 25(2):365
Stafford RE, McMichael BL, Burke JJ (1991) Genetic variation for stress-related traits in guar. Environ Exp Bot 31(3):303–312
Stafford RE, Kinman ML, Brooks LE, Lewis CR (1976) Registration of Brooks, Hall, and Mills Guar 1 (Reg. No. 1 to 3). Crop Sci 16(2):309–309
Stafford RE, Kirby JS, Kinman ML, Lewis CR (1976) Registration of Kinman and Esser Guar 1 (Reg. No 4. to 5). Crop Sci 16(2):310–310
Suthar JD, Rajpar I, Ganjegunte GK (2018) Evaluation of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes performance under different irrigation water salinity levels: Growth parameters and seed yield. Ind Crops Prod 123:247–253
Tanwar UK, Pruthi V, Randhawa GS (2017) RNA-seq of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) leaves: de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation and development of genomic resources. Front Plant Sci 8:91
Teolis I, Liu W, Peffley EB (2009) Salinity effects on seed germination and plant growth of guar. Crop Sci 49(2):637–642
Teplyakova S, Volkov V, Dzyubenko E, Potokina E (2019) Variability of photoperiod response in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes of different geographic origin. Vavilov J Genet Breed 23:730–737
Texas Tech Universit and Halliburton Energy Services. Guar: “Monument”. (2010). USDA-AMS PVPO 200400301
Texas Tech University and Halliburton Energy Services. Guar: “Matador”. (2004). USDA-AMS PVPO 200400235
Thakur O, Randhawa GS (2018) Identification and characterization of SSR, SNP and InDel molecular markers from RNA-Seq data of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, L. Taub.) roots. BMC Genom 19(1):1–14
Thapa S, Adams CB, Trostle C (2018) Root nodulation in guar: Effects of soils, Rhizobium inoculants, and guar varieties in a controlled environment. Ind Crops Prod 120:198–202
Tribhuvan KU, Amitha AM, Sharma P, Das A, Kumar K, Tyagi A, Solanke AU, Sandhya SR, Jadhav PV, Raveendran M, Fakrudin B, Sharma TR, Singh NK, Gaikwad K (2019) Identification of genomic SSRs in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and demonstration of their utility in genetic diversity analysis. Ind Crops Prod 133:221–231
Tyagi A, Sandhya SP, Saxena S, Sharma R, Amitha MSV, Solanke AU, Singh NK, Sharma TR, Gaikwad K (2019) The genome size of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is significantly smaller compared to its wild relatives as estimated by flow cytometry. Gene 707:205–211
Upreti P, Narayan S, Khan F, Tewari LM, Shirke PA (2021) Drought-induced responses on physiological performance in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Plant Physiol Rep 26(1):49–63
Veale RA, Giuseppin MLF, Van Eijk HMJ, Sudbery PE, Verrips CT (1992) Development of a strain of Hansenula polymorpha for the efficient expression of guar α-galactosidase. Yeast 8(5):361–372
Venkateswarlu B, Rao AV, Lahiri AN (1983) Effect of water stress on nodulation and nitrogenase activity of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). Proc Plant Sci 92(3):297–301
Vig B (1969) Studies with 60Co-Radiated Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) (L.) Taub. The Ohio J Sci 69(1):18–31
Vir O, Singh AK (2015) Variability and correlation analysis in the germplasm of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) taub.] in hyper hot arid climate of Western India. Legume Res 38(1):37–42
Wadhwa N, Joshi UN (2017) Galactomannan content and key enzymes of its metabolism in seeds of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) taub.]. Legume Res 40(3):462–469
Wankhade R, Kale V, Nagre P, Patil R (2017) Article in legume research. Legume Res 40(5):811–817
Xu Y, Crouch JH (2008) Marker-assisted selection in plant breeding: from publications to practice. Crop Sci 48(2):391–407
Zaidi SS, Shakir S, Farooq M, Amin I, Mansoor S (2017) First report of a novel strain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus causing yellow leaf curl disease on cluster bean in Pakistan. Plant Dis 101(6):1071
Zubair M, Hussain AL, Minhas R, Shahjahan BM, Ali I, Sadiq A, Hussain S (2017) Performance of guar genotypes under irrigated and drought stress conditions as evaluated through PCA and cluster analysis. Int J Biol Biotechnol 14(4):623–628
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project Accession Number 1025956 and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Award No. 2018-67019-27873.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ravelombola, W., Manley, A., Adams, C. et al. Genetic and genomic resources in guar: a review. Euphytica 217, 199 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02929-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02929-2