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Development of DNA markers that discriminate between white- and blue-flowers in Japanese gentian plants

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Abstract

We developed molecular markers for discrimination of white and blue flower color in Japanese gentian plants. White-flowered gentians can be classified into two types, based on genetic and physiological features. One type includes four allelic variations (gtmyb3-1, gtmyb3-2, gtmyb3-3, and gtmyb3-4) of an anthocyanin biosynthetic regulator gene (GtMYB3), distinguished by three PCR-based molecular markers. The other type contains a newly identified inactive allele (ans1) of the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene with a premature stop codon generated from a 4-bp deletion in the second exon. The ans1 allele was distinguished from the active ANS allele by a cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker. The genotypes of 12 white-flowered gentian cultivars/lines could be identified and classified as either ans1 or gtmyb3 using these four molecular markers. No white-flowered gentians contained ans1 and gtmyb3 alleles simultaneously. The mutated ANS gene co-segregated with white flower color in an F2 population, demonstrating that the CAPS marker is useful to discriminate between white and blue flowers in gentian. Markers to discriminate flower color in Japanese gentian will be useful for early selection of progeny and for breeding management.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mses. Y. Abe, C. Yoshida, and R. Horikiri, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, for technical support. We also thank Dr. K. Kobayashi, Ehime University, for designing markers. This research was supported by a ‘Research Project for Utilizing Advanced Technologies in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries’ (no. 2040) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF), and by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-003, Japan

    Takashi Nakatsuka, Misa Saito, Yuka Sato-Ushiku, Eri Yamada & Masahiro Nishihara

  2. Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Narita 20-1, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-003, Japan

    Takashi Nakasato, Nobue Hoshi & Kazumichi Fujiwara

  3. Hachimantai City Floricultural Development Research Center, Kamasuda 70, Hachimantai, Iwate, 028-7533, Japan

    Takashi Hikage

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  1. Takashi Nakatsuka
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  2. Misa Saito
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  4. Eri Yamada
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  7. Kazumichi Fujiwara
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  9. Masahiro Nishihara
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Correspondence to Masahiro Nishihara.

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Nakatsuka, T., Saito, M., Sato-Ushiku, Y. et al. Development of DNA markers that discriminate between white- and blue-flowers in Japanese gentian plants. Euphytica 184, 335–344 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0534-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0534-7

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