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Pesticides compromise health: a comparison between lizards collected within and outside an agricultural area

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Abstract

Reptiles are the least studied vertebrates regarding the impact of pesticides on their health, despite being good models for ecotoxicological studies given their abundance and easy handling. Salvator merianae is widely distributed in South America and often found in agricultural cultivation areas. Here, we compared the morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters of S. merianae from an exposed area (EA) to pesticides and a reference area (RA) or control. These parameters were measured in plasma (albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose, total proteins, uric acid, triglycerides, VLDL, and corticosterone) and in erythrocytes (TBARS, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity). Blood samples were collected from 28 lizards (EA: three juveniles, three adult females, and three adult males; RA: nine juveniles, four females, and five males) in southern Brazil during the reproductive period. We observed a decrease in body mass, the ratio between body mass and total length and snout-vent length in juvenile lizards collected at EA. The levels of TBARS, glutathione S-transferase, triglycerides, VLDL, and uric acid were altered for juveniles in EA. When comparing the two areas, females differed in superoxide dismutase activity and total proteins, while males differed in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activity. This set of results shows that S. merianae, especially juveniles, suffers a negative impact when inserted in an agricultural area. The analyzed biomarkers proved suitable for monitoring these lizards and the quality of this environment.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [GTO], upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq for the scholarship granted to the first author and Fundação Empresa Escola de Engenharia (FEEng) for the funds to purchase kits for analyses.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq and the Fundação Empresa Escola de Engenharia (FEEng).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    J. F. Araujo & Guendalina Turcato Oliveira

  2. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    A. A. N. Valgas, D. R. de Oliveira & L. Verrastro

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  1. J. F. Araujo
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  2. A. A. N. Valgas
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  3. D. R. de Oliveira
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  5. Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
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Contributions

Jéssica Fonseca Araujo: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, writing the manuscript draft. Artur Antunes Navarro Valgas: collection, data curation, review of the manuscript. Diogo Reis de Oliveira: collection, review of the manuscript. Laura Verrastro: conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, supervision, reviewing, and editing the manuscript. Guendalina Turcato Oliveira: conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, supervision, writing, reviewing, and editing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Guendalina Turcato Oliveira.

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Araujo, J.F., Valgas, A.A.N., de Oliveira, D.R. et al. Pesticides compromise health: a comparison between lizards collected within and outside an agricultural area. Environ Monit Assess 196, 334 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12498-1

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