Abstract
In 2015, the failure of the Fundão dam in Mariana, Brazil released ~43 million m3 of iron mining tailings into the environment. Despite restoration initiatives in the following years, few studies—and most focused on revegetation—have evaluated the effectiveness of the restoration process in areas impacted by the disaster. We aimed to evaluate the responses of the arthropod community in areas impacted by iron mining tailings deposition from the Fundão dam that is in the restoration process. We defined sampling units in the riparian zone of the Gualaxo do Norte River, which is under restoration, and in a native not impacted riparian zone. We collected soil arthropods using pitfall traps and sampled environmental variables in the same sites. We used generalize least squares models (GLS) to test if the restored areas already presented values of arthropod diversity and functional group abundance similar to the reference area and to test which environmental variables are influencing arthropod diversity. We also tested how large the differences of arthropod community composition between the study areas and used the index of indicator species (IndVal) to verify which species could be used as an indicator of reference or restoration areas. The diversity of arthropods and the functional groups of detritivores and omnivores were higher in the native riparian zone. Understory density, soil density, organic matter content, and microbial biomass carbon were the environmental variables that significantly explained the diversity and species composition of arthropods. We show that restoration areas still have different soil arthropod diversity values and community composition when compared to reference areas. Evaluating the response of the arthropod community to the restoration process and long-term monitoring are essential to achieve a satisfactory result in this process and achieve a self-sustaining ecosystem.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG-APQ-01661-16) for the financial support and scholarships granted to the authors. We also thank Mateus de Melo Dias for the help in the map elaboration, Antonio Domigos Brescovit for the help in identifying the spiders, and Júlio Neil Cassa Louzada for permitting the use of Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Invertebrados (LECIN) for the arthropods triage and identification process.
Funding
This research was financed by grants from the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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The experiment was mainly planned and designed by LGR and MACC, and all authors were involved in the designing of the study: LGR (conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data analysis, and writing (original draft preparation)); AOS (collecting all the data, methodology, and writing (review and editing)); KAV (collecting all the data, methodology, and writing (review and editing)); ESSF (collecting all the data, methodology, and writing (review and editing)); JVS (collecting all the data, methodology, and writing (review and editing)); ESSF (collecting all the data, methodology, and writing (review and editing)); CAN (conceptualization, methodology, supervision, and writing (review and editing)); and MACC (conceptualization, methodology, investigation, analysis of the data, project administration, supervision, and writing (review and editing)). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Ribeiro, L.G., Silva, A.O., Vaz, K.A. et al. Soil arthropod community responses to restoration in areas impacted by iron mining tailings deposition after Fundão dam failure. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1299 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11843-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11843-0