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Propensity of a low-cost adsorbent derived from agricultural wastes to interact with cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

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Abstract

Ash collected from thrown-away by-products while preparing a popular traditional food additive, kolakhar of the Assamese community of North East, India, was used as an alternate cost-effective, porous bioadsorbent option from the conventional activated carbon for the purification of carcinogenic dyes laden water. The base material for kolakhar preparation was taken from the discarded banana stem waste to stimulate agricultural waste management. Methylene blue (MB) and basic fuchsin (BF) dyes were used as model cationic dyes. Characterization techniques like CHN, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis of the prepared banana stem ash (BSA) reveal the presence of high inorganic contents and functional groups in the irregular, porous bioadsorbent with surface area 55.534 m2 g−1. Various regulating parameters studied to optimize the adsorption capacity of BSA were bioadsorbent dose (0.1–3 g/L), temperature (298–318 K), contact time (0–150 min), pH (2–9), and initial dye concentrations (10–40 mg/L). Non-linear kinetic models suggested Elovich for both MB and BF adsorption, while the non-linear isotherm model suggested Langmuir and Temkin for MB and BF adsorption, respectively, as best-fitted curves. The monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) for MB and BF was 15.22 mg/g and 24.08 mg/g at 318 K, respectively, with more than 95% removal efficiency for both dyes. The thermodynamic parameters studied indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous. The ∆H0 values of MB and BF adsorptions were 2.303 kJ/mol (endothermic) and − 29.238 kJ/mol (exothermic), respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Center (SAIC), Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati (under the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India) for providing necessary laboratory facilities and workspace to complete the work. The authors also thank DST, Govt. of India, for providing financial support in the execution of the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Resource Management and Environmental Section, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India

    Emee Das, Suprakash Rabha, Manisha Goswami & Arundhuti Devi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Abhayapuri College, Abhayapuri, Bongaigaon, Assam, India

    Karishma Talukdar

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  1. Emee Das
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  2. Suprakash Rabha
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  3. Karishma Talukdar
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Contributions

Emee Das: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, resources, software, visualization, original draft, review, and editing; Suprakash Rabha: review and data curation; Karishma Talukdar: collection of the biomaterial; Manisha Goswami: laboratory work and reviewing; Arundhuti Devi: guidance and supervision.

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Correspondence to Arundhuti Devi.

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Das, E., Rabha, S., Talukdar, K. et al. Propensity of a low-cost adsorbent derived from agricultural wastes to interact with cationic dyes in aqueous solutions. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1044 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11656-1

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