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Recent advances in instrumental techniques for heavy metal quantification

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Abstract

Heavy metals (HMs) are ubiquitous; they are found in soil, water, air, and all biological matrices. The toxicity, bioaccumulation potential, and deleterious effects of most of these metals on humans and the environment have been widely documented. Consequently, the detection and quantification of HMs in various environmental samples have become a pressing issue. The analysis of the concentrations of HMs is a vital component of environmental monitoring; hence, the selection of the most suitable analytical technique for their determination has become a topic of great interest in food, environment, and human health safety. Analytical techniques for the quantification of these metals have evolved. Presently, a broad range of HM analytical techniques are available with each having its outstanding merits as well as limitations. Most analytical scientists, therefore, adopt complementation of more than one method, with the choice influenced by the specific metal of interest, desired limits of detection and quantification, nature of the interference, level of sensitivity, and precision among others. Sequel to the above, this work comprehensively reviews the most recent advances in instrumental techniques for the determination of HMs. It gives a general overview of the concept of HMs, their sources, and why their accurate quantification is pertinent. It highlights various conventional and more advanced techniques for HM determination, and as one of its kind, it also gives special attention to the specific merits and demerits of the analytical techniques. Finally, it presents the most recent studies in this regard.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors are grateful to the various authors whose works were used as the source of information in writing this review work. They are also thankful to their respective institutions for the enabling research environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria

    Abel Inobeme, Maliki Muniratu, Benedict Ikenna Onyeachu, Eric Olori, Chinenye Anastina Eziukwu & Tawakalit Kelani

  2. Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Lapai, Nigeria

    John Tsado Mathew

  3. Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Ekpoma, Nigeria

    Ejeomo Jatto

  4. Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria

    Jonathan Inobeme

  5. Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria

    Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

  6. Department of Physics, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria

    Mathew Adefusika Adekoya

  7. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria

    Alexander Ikechukwu Ajai & Abdullahi Mann

  8. Department of Accounting, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria

    Sadiq Oshoke Akhor

  9. Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria

    Paul Iheanyichukwu Omali

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  1. Abel Inobeme
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  2. John Tsado Mathew
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  14. Tawakalit Kelani
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  15. Paul Iheanyichukwu Omali
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Contributions

Abel Inobeme, Tsado John Mathew, Ejeomo Jatto, Jonathan Inobeme, and Charles Adetunji contributed through conceptualization, investigation, resources, data curation, and writing. Maliki Muniratu, Benedict Onyeachu, Adekoya Mathew, Alexander Ajai, Mann Abdullahi, Eric Olori, Eziukwu Chinenye, Kelani Tawakalit, and Omali Iheanyichukwu Paul made their input by resources, writing – original draft preparation. Akhor Sadiq and all the authors revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Abel Inobeme.

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Inobeme, A., Mathew, J.T., Jatto, E. et al. Recent advances in instrumental techniques for heavy metal quantification. Environ Monit Assess 195, 452 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11058-3

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