Abstract
The marine aquaculture industry has caused a suite of adverse environmental consequences, including offshore eutrophication. However, little is known about the extent to which aquaculture effluents affect nearby wetland ecosystems. We carried out a field experiment in a mangrove stand located between two effluent-receiving creeks to estimate the extent to which marine aquaculture affects the soil nutrient distribution and plant nutrient status of adjacent mangroves. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents and C isotopic signatures were determined seasonally in creeks, pore water, surface soils, and in the leaves of the dominant mangrove species Kandelia obovata. The creeks exhibited nutrient enrichment (2.44 mg N L−1 and 0.09 mg P L−1 on average). The soils had N (from 1.40 to 2.70 g kg−1) and P (from 0.58 to 2.76 g kg−1) much greater than those of pristine mangrove forests. Combined analyses of the N:P ratio, nutrient resorption efficiency, and proficiency indicated that soil P met plant demands, but plants in most plots showed N limitation, suggesting that soil nutrient accumulation did not fundamentally impact the plant nutrient status. Collectively, this case study shows that marine aquaculture farms can affect adjacent mangrove stands even though their effluents are not directly discharged into the mangrove stands, but mangrove forests may have substantial buffering capabilities for long-term nutrient loading.
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Data availability
The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570400).
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570400).
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L.W. conceived of the presented idea. M.Y.B and L.W. carried out the experiment. L.W. wrote the manuscript. S.C.P and A.G. provided critical feedback, and F.L. and J.G. helped shape the manuscript.
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Wei, L., Bee, M.Y., Poh, SC. et al. Soil nutrient distribution and plant nutrient status in a mangrove stand adjacent to an aquaculture farm. Environ Monit Assess 195, 231 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10822-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10822-1