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Levels, distribution characteristics, and sources of heavy metals in indoor dust in Shijiazhuang, China

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Abstract

Heavy metals in indoor dust are associated with health risks in humans. However, in Shijiazhuang, a city in northern China with severe haze, no research has been published on this topic. To determine the content, distribution characteristics, and sources of heavy metals in indoor dust in the city of Shijiazhuang, indoor dust samples from 33 sampling points in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang were collected and tested. Concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb were 87.0, 35.1, 104.4, 568.0, 1.980, and 187.6 mg·kg−1, respectively; their levels have been discussed statistically in comparison with the reported values in other cities in China. The sources of heavy metals were analyzed using enrichment factor, correlation coefficient, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the levels of all six elements in indoor dust in Shijiazhuang exceeded the background values of soil in Hebei Province. Among these, Cd, Pb, and Zn were significantly enriched. The enrichment factors of Cu, Ni, and Cr were below 10, and their levels at different sampling points were similar, indicating their geogenic source. The corresponding pollution levels of Cd, Pb, and Zn were relatively high, and their levels at different points were significantly different and correlated, indicating that they were derived mainly from transportation. Additionally, the level of Zn was significantly affected by the indoor environment. Our findings provide a basis for conducting health risk assessments in the future.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions.

Funding

This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant number D2018403095) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 41903018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China

    Peipei Zhao, Xinxing Liu, Lu Yin, Dezhi Tian & Xingqi Wang

  2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China

    Peipei Zhao, Xinxing Liu & Lu Yin

Authors
  1. Peipei Zhao
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  2. Xinxing Liu
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  3. Lu Yin
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  4. Dezhi Tian
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Contributions

TD and WX carried out the investigation and sample chemical analysis. LX participated in the methodology discussion and creating the figures. YL helped in study conceptualization and data reduction. ZP took part in most aspects of the study and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and agree to final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lu Yin.

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Zhao, P., Liu, X., Yin, L. et al. Levels, distribution characteristics, and sources of heavy metals in indoor dust in Shijiazhuang, China. Environ Monit Assess 194, 857 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10543-5

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