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Baseline values and environmental assessment for metal(loid)s in soils under a tropical rainy climate in a Colombian region

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Abstract

The baseline values for metal(loid)s in soils are known as a tool for the evaluation, prevention, and monitoring of the environmental quality of the soil. The main aim is to propose baseline values for metal(loid)s through the analysis of the concentrations in soils within natural areas; additionally, this study attempts to assess the environmental quality of soils in agricultural areas. The study was developed in the Piedemonte Llanero from Colombia a region with more than 5000 mm year−1 of pluviometry. A total of 90 soil samples were collected in agricultural and natural areas. Chemical analysis was conducted by acid digestion following the method EPA 3050B and determined the metal(loid)s (Al, As, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) through ICP-OES. This is the first time that baseline values are proposed for a region in Colombia. The values proposed (expressed in mg kg−1) are Cd (0.3), As (2.8), Cu (9.9), Ni (10.2), Pb (11.3), Cr (21.1), Zn (28.2), Mn (83.8), Mg (348), Fe (22,775), and Al (28,975). These values are comparatively lower than those reported for other regions in Latin America and the rest of the world. Also, agricultural soils are not contaminated. The possible explanation is as a consequence of the intense washing caused by the intense rainfall of the place. The results also demonstrated that the soils in this region are not contaminated. Finally, these advances will allow public and private organizations to establish criteria for the environmental and sustainable management of soils, especially on agricultural activities.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by UNILLANOS – ECOPETROL within the framework of agreement No. 5226521. “Aunar esfuerzos para el desarrollo y fortalecimientos con junto de capacidades, con el propósito de promover e impulsar un entorno de crecimiento sostenible en la región de la Orinoquia, mediante la realización de actividades científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación.” Cooperation agreement Nº 10 “Fortalecimiento del proceso de investigación aplicada en la evaluación del recurso hídrico para la construcción de la huella hídrica del río Acacias por medio del desarrollo e implementación de metodologías para la integración de información hídrica, calidad de agua, biota y suelo,” the Gobernación del Meta and the Fondo Social de Educación Superior de la Gobernación del Meta (FSES) and to the staff of the Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales de la Orinoquia Colombiana-ICAOC.

Funding

The financial support was provided by the UNILLANOS — ECOPETROL within the framework of agreement No. 5226521. “Aunar esfuerzos para el desarrollo y fortalecimientos con junto de capacidades, con el propósito de promover e impulsar un entorno de crecimiento sostenible en la región de la Orinoquia, mediante la realización de actividades científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación.” Cooperation agreement Nº 10 “Fortalecimiento del proceso de investigación aplicada en la evaluación del recurso hídrico para la construcción de la huella hídrica del río Acacias por medio del desarrollo e implementación de metodologías para la integración de información hídrica, calidad de agua, biota y suelo”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales de la Orinoquia Colombiana ICAOC, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas E Ingeniería, Universidad de los Llanos, Campus Barcelona Villavicencio, Villavicencio, Colombia

    Juan Manuel Trujillo-González & Marco Aurelio Torres-Mora

  2. Centro de Innovación Y Tecnología, Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP), Ecopetrol S.A, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Marlon Serrano-Gomez & Edgar Fernando Castillo-Monroy

  3. Departamento de Geología Y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Raimundo Jiménez Ballesta

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  4. Edgar Fernando Castillo-Monroy
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by JMTG, MATM, MSG, EFCM and RJB. The statistical analysis was performed by JMTG and MATM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JMTG and MATM, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Juan Manuel Trujillo-González.

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Manuel Trujillo-González, J., Torres-Mora, M.A., Serrano-Gomez, M. et al. Baseline values and environmental assessment for metal(loid)s in soils under a tropical rainy climate in a Colombian region. Environ Monit Assess 194, 494 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10036-5

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