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Using multiple isotopes to identify sources and transport of nitrate in urban residential stormwater runoff

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A Correction to this article was published on 17 August 2022

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Abstract

Increased nitrogen (N) from urban stormwater runoff aggravates the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems as urbanisation develops. The sources and transport of nitrate (NO3−) in urban stormwater runoff were investigated by analysing different forms of N, water isotopes (δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O), and NO3− isotopes (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) in urban stormwater runoff in a residential area in Hangzhou, China. The results showed that the concentrations of total N and nitrate N in road runoff were higher than those in roof runoff. Moreover, high concentrations of dissolved organic N and particulate N led to high total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in road runoff (mean: 3.76 mg/L). The high δ18O-NO3− values (mean: + 60 ± 13.1‰) indicated that atmospheric deposition was the predominant NO3− source in roof runoff, as confirmed by the Bayesian isotope mixing model (SIAR model), contributing 84–98% to NO3−. Atmospheric deposition (34–92%) and chemical fertilisers (6.2–54%) were the main NO3− sources for the road runoff. The proportional contributions from soil and organic N were small in the road runoff and roof runoff. For the initial period, the NO3− contributions from atmospheric deposition and chemical fertilisers were higher and lower, respectively, than those in the middle and late periods in road runoff during storm events 3 and 4, while an opposite trend of road runoff in storm event 7 highlighted the influence of short antecedent dry weather period. Reducing impervious areas and more effective management of fertiliser application in urban green land areas were essential to minimize the presence of N in urban aquatic ecosystems.

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The datasets analysed during the study are available in the Supplementary Material.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41673097; No. 41977150; No. 41373122).

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41673097; No. 41977150; No. 41373122).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China

    Qiyue Hu, Zanfang Jin, Aijing Wu, Xiaoyu Chen & Feili Li

  2. Zhejiang Construction Investment Environment Engineering Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31000, China

    Song Zhu

Authors
  1. Qiyue Hu
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  2. Song Zhu
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  3. Zanfang Jin
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  4. Aijing Wu
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  5. Xiaoyu Chen
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  6. Feili Li
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Contributions

Qiyue Hu contributed to methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, and visualization. Song Zhu contributed to investigation, software, and resources. Zanfang Jin contributed to conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, investigation, resources, data curation, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition. Aijing Wu contributed to investigation, data curation, and visualization. Xiaoyu Chen contributed to investigation. Feili Li contributed to resources.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zanfang Jin.

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Highlights

• High levels of DON, PN, and NO3− caused more TN in urban road runoff.

• Atmospheric deposition was the predominant NO3− source in urban roof runoff.

• Atmospheric deposition was 34–92%, and fertilisers were 6.2–53% for NO3− in urban road runoff.

• Soil and organic N had little contribution to NO3− both in roof and road runoff. NO3− from fertilisers was derived from green land in urban residential area.

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Hu, Q., Zhu, S., Jin, Z. et al. Using multiple isotopes to identify sources and transport of nitrate in urban residential stormwater runoff. Environ Monit Assess 194, 238 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09763-6

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