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Characterizing the post-monsoon CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor fluxes from a tropical wetland in the Himalayan foothill

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Abstract

Wetlands are emitters of greenhouse gases. However, many of the wetlands remain understudied (like temperate, boreal, and high-altitude wetlands), which constrains the global budgets. Himalayan foothill is one such data-deficient area. The present study reported (for the first time) the greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor) from the soils of the Nakraunda wetland of Uttarakhand in India during the post-monsoon season (October 2020 to January 2021). The sampling points covered six different types of soil within the wetlands. CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor emissions ranged from 82.89 to 1052.13 mg m−2 h−1, 0.56 to 2.25 mg m−2 h−1, 0.18 to 0.40 mg m−2 h−1, and 557.96 to 29,397.18 mg m−2 h−1, respectively, during the study period. Except for CO2, the other three greenhouse gas effluxes did not show any spatial variability. Soils close to “swamp proper” emitted substantially higher CO2 than the vegetated soils. Soil temperature exhibited exponential relationships with all the greenhouse gas fluxes, except for H2O vapor. The Q10 values for CO2, CH4, and N2O varied from 3.42 to 4.90, 1.66 to 2.20, and 1.20 to 1.30, respectively. Soil moisture showed positive relationships with all the greenhouse gas fluxes, except for N2O. The fluxes observed from Nakraunda were in parity with global observations. However, this study showed that wetlands experiencing lower temperature regime are also capable of emitting a substantial amount of greenhouse gases and thus, requires more study. Considering the seasonality of greenhouse gas fluxes should improve global wetland emission budgets.

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Data availability

The dataset generated and analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for providing the fellowship (Women Scientist-A) under which the present research work is carried out, as well as to the staff of the Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division of Forest Research Institute, for their kind cooperation and constant assistance in the field while monitoring the GHG emission and providing lab assistance for soil testing.

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  1. Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India

    Asha Raturi, Hukum Singh, Parmanand Kumar & Navneet Shukla

  2. School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 0032, India

    Abhra Chanda

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  1. Asha Raturi
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Raturi, A., Singh, H., Kumar, P. et al. Characterizing the post-monsoon CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor fluxes from a tropical wetland in the Himalayan foothill. Environ Monit Assess 194, 50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09721-8

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