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Trace level determination of eleven nervous system–active pharmaceutical ingredients by switchable solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with matrix matching calibration strategy

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Abstract

This study utilized switchable solvent liquid-phase microextraction (SS-LPME) to enrich eleven nervous system active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from aqueous samples for their determination at trace levels by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The analytes selected for the study included APIs utilized in antidepressant, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, and anti-dementia drugs. Parameters of the microextraction method including switchable solvent volume, concentration and volume of the trigger agent (sodium hydroxide), and sample agitation period were optimized univariately to boost extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits calculated for the analytes were in the range of 0.20–8.0 ng/mL, and repeatability for six replicate measurements as indicated by percent relative standard deviation values were below 10%. Matrix matching calibration strategy was used to enhance quantification accuracy for the analytes. The percent recovery results calculated for the eleven analytes ranged between 86 and 117%.

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The data sets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Ali Raif, Deva, Biofarma, and Santa-Farma Pharmaceutical Companies for providing the active pharmaceutical ingredients used in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: FDK-2020–3842).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey

    Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit & Güleda Onkal Engin

  2. Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey

    Merve Fırat Ayyıldız, Dotse Selali Chormey & Sezgin Bakırdere

  3. Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, 06670, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    Sezgin Bakırdere

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  1. Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit
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Correspondence to Sezgin Bakırdere.

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Bozyiğit, G.D., Ayyıldız, M.F., Chormey, D.S. et al. Trace level determination of eleven nervous system–active pharmaceutical ingredients by switchable solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with matrix matching calibration strategy. Environ Monit Assess 194, 58 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09708-5

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