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Capturing urban heat island formation in a subtropical city of China based on Landsat images: implications for sustainable urban development

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Abstract

Land use/cover change is the main driving force of urban expansion which influences human–environment interactions. Generally, the formation of urban heat islands (UHIs) can be referred to as a negative “by-product” of urbanization. In the context of rapid urbanization, the present paper aims to capture the landscape changes and three patterns of urban expansion (i.e., infill, extension, and leapfrog), and provide a better understanding of the formation of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) in Dongguan, China, during the past 20+ years. Urban land increased from 28.87 × 103 ha in 1994 to 78.89 × 103 ha in 2005 and 101.05 × 103 ha in 2015, with a compound annual urban growth rate of 9.57% (1994–2005) and 2.51% (2005–2015), respectively. Based on the mean land surface temperature difference (Δ mean LST) between urban land (UL) and green space (GS), the SUHI intensity (SUHII) increased from 1.46 °C in 1994 to 2.32 °C in 2005 and 3.83 °C in 2015 in Dongguan. Overall, the Δ mean LST of urban areas increased from 2.61 °C (1994–2005) to 4.78 °C (2005–2015). The Δ mean LST between the city center and its surrounding areas decreased from 1994 to 2015, and the Δ mean LST between the city center and the suburbs gradually increased, primarily in 2015. In particular, both dense urban and the infill pattern of urban expansion had high mean LSTs in Dongguan, thus having negative impacts on sustainable urban development. The limited green space and open land should be strictly controlled or prohibited for transformation in urban areas. Particularly in dense regions, green roofs, green areas, and urban renewal actions could be considered for mitigating the urban heat island effect.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 16H01830 and Scientific Research (B) 18H00763.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecological Civilization, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China

    Xinmin Zhang

  2. Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

    Ronald C. Estoque

  3. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Yuji Murayama

  4. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, 50300, Sri Lanka

    Manjula Ranagalage

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  1. Xinmin Zhang
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  4. Manjula Ranagalage
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Zhang, X., Estoque, R.C., Murayama, Y. et al. Capturing urban heat island formation in a subtropical city of China based on Landsat images: implications for sustainable urban development. Environ Monit Assess 193, 130 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08890-w

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