Abstract
Bacterial resistance occurs by spontaneous mutations or horizontal gene transfer mediated by mobile genetic elements, which represents a great concern. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to the production of β-lactamases, and an important mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance is the acquisition plasmid determinants. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of β-lactamase-encoding genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in different water samples obtained from São Paulo state, Brazil. A high level of these resistance genes was detected, being the blaSHV, blaGES, and qnr the most prevalent. Besides that, the blaNDM gene, which codify an important and hazardous metallo-β-lactamase, was detected.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank J.D.D. Pitout (University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada) for kindly providing the β-lactamase- and quinolone-resistant control strains used in this study.
Funding
This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP [grant number 2015/18990-2].
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Sanchez, D.G., de Melo, F.M., Savazzi, E.A. et al. Detection of different β-lactamases encoding genes, including blaNDM, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in different water sources from Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 190, 407 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6801-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6801-5