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Evaluating the performance of a retrofitted stormwater wet pond for treatment of urban runoff

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Abstract

This paper describes the performance of a retrofitted stormwater retention pond (Ashby Pond) in Northern Virginia, USA. Retrofitting is a common practice which involves modifying existing structures and/or urban landscapes to improve water quality treatment, often compromising standards to meet budgetary and site constraints. Ashby Pond is located in a highly developed headwater watershed of the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay. A total maximum daily load (TMDL) was imposed on the Bay watershed by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2010 due to excessive sediment and nutrient loadings leading to eutrophication of the estuary. As a result of the TMDL, reducing nutrient and sediment discharged loads has become the key objective of many stormwater programs in the Bay watershed. The Ashby Pond retrofit project included dredging of accumulated sediment to increase storage, construction of an outlet structure to control flows, and repairs to the dam. Due to space limitations, pond volume was less than ideal. Despite this shortcoming, Ashby Pond provided statistically significant reductions of phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended sediments. Compared to the treatment credited to retention ponds built to current state standards, the retrofitted pond provided less phosphorus but more nitrogen reduction. Retrofitting the existing stock of ponds in a watershed to at least partially meet current design standards could be a straightforward way for communities to attain downstream water quality goals, as these improvements represent reductions in baseline loads, whereas new ponds in new urban developments simply limit future load increases or maintain the status quo.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their appreciation to Glenn Moglen of Virginia Tech, who provided many insightful comments on the draft paper. We also thank Adrian Fremont of the City of Fairfax, who coordinated approvals and the reconstruction of Ashby Pond; William C. Lucas of Integrated Land Management and Joseph W. McClellan of William H. Gordon Associates, who provided design services for the project; and the staff of the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory. The study was supported in part by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant no. 2009-0055-017), with matching funds from the City of Fairfax, VA. Funding for this work was provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture.

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  1. Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 9408 Prince William St, Manassas, VA, 20110-5666, USA

    Daniel Schwartz & Thomas J. Grizzard

  2. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 1444 Diamond Springs Rd., Virginia Beach, VA, 23455, USA

    David J. Sample

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Schwartz, D., Sample, D.J. & Grizzard, T.J. Evaluating the performance of a retrofitted stormwater wet pond for treatment of urban runoff. Environ Monit Assess 189, 256 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5930-6

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