Abstract
This study aims to estimate the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitric oxide (NO) for coal combustion in thermal power plants in India using plant-specific emission factors during the period of 2001/02 to 2009/10. The mass emission factors have been theoretically calculated using the basic principles of combustion under representative prevailing operating conditions in the plants and fuel composition. The results show that from 2001/02 to 2009/10 period, total CO2 emissions have increased from 324 to 499 Mt/year; SO2 emissions have increased from 2,519 to 3,840 kt/year; and NO emissions have increased from 948 to 1,539 kt/year from the Indian coal-fired power plants. National average emissions per unit of electricity from the power plants do not show a noticeable improvement during this period. Emission efficiencies for new plants that use improved technology are found to be better than those of old plants. As per these estimates, the national average of CO2 emissions per unit of electricity varies between 0.91 and 0.95 kg/kWh while SO2 and NO emissions vary in the range of 6.9 to 7.3 and 2.8 to 2.9 g/kWh, respectively. Yamunagar plant in Haryana state showed the highest emission efficiencies with CO2 emissions as 0.58 kg/kWh, SO2 emissions as 3.87 g/kWh, and NO emissions as 1.78 g/kWh, while the Faridabad plant has the lowest emission efficiencies with CO2 emissions as 1.5 kg/kWh, SO2 emissions as 10.56 g/kWh, and NO emissions as 4.85 g/kWh. Emission values at other plants vary between the values of these two plants.
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Notes
In India, the data are recorded on financial year basis, which starts from1 April of a year and finish on 31st March of the following year and hence covers parts of two subsequent calendar years.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Prof. Noreen Poor for her suggestions and help in editing the manuscript. The authors are also thankful to the scientists of the CSIR-Central Mining and Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad, and the engineers of several power plants that include Indra Prashtha, Dadri, Faridabad, Panipat, Dhuvran, Chandrapur, and Neyvelli for their help. C. Sharma and R. Singh are also grateful to the Director, National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi, and the Head, RASD, NPL, New Delhi, for their support.
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Mittal, M.L., Sharma, C. & Singh, R. Decadal emission estimates of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxide emissions from coal burning in electric power generation plants in India. Environ Monit Assess 186, 6857–6866 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3894-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3894-3