Abstract
The CA Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) and the CA Air Resources Board monitored 40 pesticides, including five degradation products, in Parlier, CA, to determine if its residents were exposed to any of these pesticides and, if so, in what amounts. They included 1,3-dichloropropene, acrolein, arsenic, azinphos-methyl, carbon disulfide, chlorpyrifos and its degradation product, chlorthalonil, copper, cypermethrin, diazinon and its degradation product, dichlorvos, dicofol, dimethoate and its degradation product, diuron, endosulfan and its degradation product, S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate (EPTC), formaldehyde, malathion and its degradation product, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), methyl bromide, metolachlor, molinate, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phosmet, propanil, propargite, simazine, SSS-tributylphosphorotrithioate, sulfur, thiobencarb, trifluralin, and xylene. Monitoring was conducted 3 days per week for a year. Twenty-three pesticides and degradation products were detected. Acrolein, arsenic, carbon disulfide, chlorpyrifos, copper, formaldehyde, methyl bromide, MITC, and sulfur were detected in more than half the samples. Since no regulatory ambient air standards exist for these pesticides, CDPR developed advisory, health-based non-cancer screening levels (SLs) to assess acute, subchronic, and chronic exposures. For carcinogenic pesticides, CDPR assessed risk using cancer potency values. Amongst non-carcinogenic agricultural use pesticides, only diazinon exceeded its SL. For carcinogens, 1,3-dichloropropene concentrations exceeded its cancer potency value. Based on these findings, CDPR has undertaken a more comprehensive evaluation of 1,3-dichloropropene, diazinon, and the closely related chlorpyrifos that was frequently detected. Four chemicals—acrolein, arsenic, carbon disulfide, and formaldehyde—sometimes used as pesticides were detected, although no pesticidal use was reported in the area during this study. Their presence was most likely due to vehicular or industrial emissions.
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Notes
The sampling frequency for pollutants monitored by CARB and collected on filters, cartridges, or in canisters was once every 6 days except for those periods (17 April to 11 May and 26 October to 22 November 2006) of expected highest use of 1,3 dichloropropene, methyl bromide, and sulfur in the immediate area of Parlier.
RfC = reference concentration, an estimate of the daily air concentration of a chemical likely to be without adverse effects to the exposed human population. RfD = reference dose, an estimate of the daily exposure of the human population to a chemical, usually by the oral route, that is likely to be without adverse effects.
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Wofford, P., Segawa, R., Schreider, J. et al. Community air monitoring for pesticides. Part 3: using health-based screening levels to evaluate results collected for a year. Environ Monit Assess 186, 1355–1370 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3394-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3394-x