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Infection and symptom development by citrus scab pathogen Elsinoë fawcettii on leaves of satsuma mandarin

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Abstract

Elsinoë fawcettii, a fungal pathogen causing scab disease in citrus, is one of the destructive diseases having an adverse role in the fresh fruit market. We observed the infection behaviour of E. fawcettii on young leaves of satsuma mandarin daily and described the time course of symptom development with a focus on morphological changes during disease progress. The E. fawcettii isolate 16–1, belonging to Florida Broad Host Range (FBHR), was infectious and generated typical symptoms on adaxial as well as abaxial surfaces of the leaf. Of the conidia inoculated and adhered, only a few were able to germinate and create typical symptoms. Conidia extended their germ tubes from 1 day post-inoculation where a few possessed globose appressorium-like structures (APL) at their tip. The APL were found on both surfaces while symptoms could be produced without them. Dark regions were induced 1–2 days post-inoculation (dpi) under fluorescent microscopic observation. Cuticle and mesophyll cells including epidermis in the infected dark region were degraded, resulting in cellular necrosis. The adjacent cells of the necrotic region were enlarged and gradually covered leaving a grooved shaped necrotic center and appeared as a first visible symptom 3 dpi. Hyphae were extended through the necrotic epidermis and colonized intra- and inter-cellularly in mesophyll tissue. Also lamellated cell-wall was observed as a boundary between infected and non-infected regions in the lesion after typical symptoms were formed. The lamellation in the cell simultaneously occurred forming a compaction of host cells and a semi-circular arc of lammellated cells was formed on the boundary of the infected and non-infected regions of the lesion.

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Acknowledgements

We kindly acknowledge Dr. Timmer, L. W. for his prompt review and suggestion for improving this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, R.D.A., Jeju, 63607, South Korea

    Dilli Prasad Paudyal, Jae-Wook Hyun & Rok-Yeun Hwang

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  1. Dilli Prasad Paudyal
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  2. Jae-Wook Hyun
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  3. Rok-Yeun Hwang
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Correspondence to Jae-Wook Hyun.

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This study was supported by research program (Project No. PJ012555) for horticultural science & technology development, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animal performed by any of the authors.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Paudyal, D.P., Hyun, JW. & Hwang, RY. Infection and symptom development by citrus scab pathogen Elsinoë fawcettii on leaves of satsuma mandarin. Eur J Plant Pathol 148, 807–816 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1136-y

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