Abstract
Background
Currently, over 2 billion people worldwide suffer from obesity, which poses a serious health risk. More and more attention is being given to the effects of trace elements on obesity in recent years. Synergistic or antagonistic interactions among these elements can adversely or positively impact human health. However, epidemiological evidence on the relationship between trace element exposure levels and obesity has been inconclusive.
Methods
Baseline data of 994 participants from the Cohort of Elderly Health and Environment Controllable Factors were used in the present study. ICP-MS was used to measure the concentrations of 10 trace elements in the whole blood of the older population. Binary logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS) models, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were employed to assess single, nonlinear, and mixed relationships between 10 trace element levels and three types of obesity based on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BFP) in the elderly.
Results
Based on BMI, WC and BFP, 51.8% of the included old population were defined as general overweight/obesity, 67.1% as abdominal obesity, and 36.2% as having slightly high/high BFP. After multivariable adjustment, compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of blood selenium (Se) concentration was associated with an increased risk of all three types of obesity. Additionally, compared with the lowest tertile, higher tertiles of strontium (Sr) concentrations were associated with a lower risk of general overweight/obesity and having slightly high/high BFP, and the highest tertile of barium (Ba) was associated with a lower risk of having slightly high BFP, while higher tertiles of arsenic (As) concentrations were associated with an increased risk of having slightly high/high BFP, and the highest tertile of manganese (Mn) was associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity. BKMR analyses showed a strong linear positive association between Se and three types of obesity. Higher blood levels of trace element mixture were associated with increased obesity risks in a dose–response pattern, with Se having the highest value of the posterior inclusion probability (PIP) within the mixture.
Conclusions
In this study, we found higher Se levels were associated with an elevated risk of obesity and high levels of Ba, Pb and Cr were associated with a decreased risk of obesity. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all participants in this study, including the Lu’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheng bei Township Health Center and Bei shi community health service center. This work was supported by National natural science foundation of China (No.81102125) and the Grants for Major Projects on College Leading Talent Team Introduced of Anhui (0303011224).
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This study was supported by National natural science foundation of China (No.81102125) and Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY(serial number: XJ201705) from Anhui Medical University.
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RZ and SW participated in the data analysis and drew up the manuscript. YR, MY, JS, JZ, HC, LY and KL participated in epidemiological surveys, sample collection, and data entry. LL, KZ, ZG and JS performed the experiments. SW and FT participated in the design and conducted the study. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.
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Zhan, R., Liu, L., Yang, M. et al. Associations of 10 trace element levels in the whole blood with risk of three types of obesity in the elderly. Environ Geochem Health 45, 9787–9806 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01747-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01747-w