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Comparison of the effectiveness of biochar vs. magnesite amendments to immobilize metals and restore a polluted soil

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Abstract

Here we addressed the remediation of a soil severely contaminated by Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. In this regard, we tested the capacity of magnesite and biochar, inorganic and organic soil amendments, respectively, to reduce metal availability and improve soil properties. To this end, 1-kg pots containing the polluted soil were amended with either magnesite or biochar. Metal availability and soil properties were then measured at days 15 and 75. Also, to evaluate the impact of the two treatments on plant growth, we conducted experimental trials with Brassica juncea L. and compost addition. Both amendments, but particularly magnesite, markedly decreased metal availability. Soil properties were also enhanced, as reflected by increases in the cation exchangeable capacity. However, plant growth was inhibited by magnesite amendment. This observation could be attributable to an increase in soil pH and cation exchange capacity as well as a high Mg concentration. In contrast, biochar increased biomass production but decreased the quantity of metals recovered when the plants are harvested. In conclusion, on the basis of our results, we propose magnesite as a suitable approach for stabilizing contaminated soils (or even spoil heaps) where revegetation is not a priority. In contrast, although biochar has a lower, but still significant, capacity to immobilize metals, it can be used to restore natural soil properties and thus favor plant growth.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the research project NANOBIOWASH CTM2016-75894-P (AEI/FEDER, UE). Diego Baragaño obtained a grant from the “Formación del Profesorado Universitario” program, financed by the “Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España.” We would also like to thank Magnesitas Navarras S.A. for providing magnesite.

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  1. INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, Spain

    Diego Baragaño, José Luis R. Gallego & Rubén Forján

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  1. Diego Baragaño
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  2. José Luis R. Gallego
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Correspondence to Rubén Forján.

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Baragaño, D., R. Gallego, J.L. & Forján, R. Comparison of the effectiveness of biochar vs. magnesite amendments to immobilize metals and restore a polluted soil. Environ Geochem Health 43, 5053–5064 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00981-4

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