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Acute toxicity testing of 6PPD‐quinone on the estuarine-dependent sport fish, Sciaenops ocellatus

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Abstract

Recently, large-scale fish kills in the Pacific Northwest were linked to tire wear particles (TWPs) left on roadways, with the lethality attributed to 6PPD-quinone. which has a median lethal concentration of <1 µg/L for selected salmonids. However, there remains a paucity of 6PPD-quinone toxicity values developed for estuarine fish species, which is particularly significant because estuaries receiving inflows from highly urbanized watersheds are especially vulnerable to TWP contamination. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the toxicity of 6PPD-quinone to an economically and ecologically important estuarine-dependent fish–red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Here, we examined the relative sensitivities of three early life stages within red drum: embryonic, larval, and post-settlement for 24–72 hours, depending on the life stage. Exposure concentrations ranged from 10 μg/L to 500 μg/L. We also assessed the sub-lethal impacts of 6PPD-quinone exposure on development during embryonic and larval stages, including body and organ sizes. Our results indicate that red drum are not acutely sensitive to 6PPD-quinone at each early life stage tested. We also found that yolk-sac larvae did not exhibit sub-lethal morphological impacts in a dose-dependent manner, regardless of exposure during embryonic and larval stages. These data are the first to assess the impacts of 6PPD-quinone on estuarine-dependent non-model fishes.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this work was provided by the Matagorda Bay Mitigation Trust (Contract #018). The authors would like to thank Leigh Walsh, Rene Lopez, and Texas Parks and Wildlife for their assistance with red drum embryos; Benjamin Negrete Jr. for his assistance with the rearing of post-settlement red drum; and Xiangtao Jiang, Jack Lloyd, and Ryan Hladyniuk for assistance with sample processing and analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA

    Kerri Lynn Ackerly, Kathleen J. Roark, Kaijun Lu, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Zhanfei Liu & Kristin M. Nielsen

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  1. Kerri Lynn Ackerly
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  2. Kathleen J. Roark
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  3. Kaijun Lu
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  4. Andrew J. Esbaugh
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  5. Zhanfei Liu
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  6. Kristin M. Nielsen
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Contributions

KMN, AJE, and ZL conceptualized the study and acquired funding for the work. KLA, KJR, and KL performed data collection and analyses. KLA wrote the main manuscript text and prepared all figures and tables within the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kerri Lynn Ackerly.

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Ackerly, K.L., Roark, K.J., Lu, K. et al. Acute toxicity testing of 6PPD‐quinone on the estuarine-dependent sport fish, Sciaenops ocellatus. Ecotoxicology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02755-x

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