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Mixture toxicity effects of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol in Daphnia magna under different temperatures

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Abstract

Acute toxicities of chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), and florfenicol (FLO) and their mixtures on Daphnia magna under two representative temperatures of the aquatic environment (20 and 25 °C) have been examined. Their toxicities depicted with an order of 72-h EC50 values were as follows: CAP > FLO > TAP and CAP ≈ FLO > TAP under 20 and 25 °C, separately. Furthermore, the acute toxicity significantly increased with the rise of temperature from 20 to 25 °C in nearly all separate and mixture phenicol antibiotics. Meanwhile, the most toxic combination under two different temperatures was diverse. The nature of toxicological interactions of phenicol antibiotic mixtures was analyzed by Combination Index (CI) equation. In general, a dual synergism-antagonism effect was dominant in nearly all mixtures at both temperatures. The prediction suitability of Concentration Addition (CA), Independent Action (IA) models, and CI method was compared, suggesting that the CI equation seems to be more appropriate for predicting the toxicity values of phenicol drugs than CA and IA models. In brief, phenicol antibiotic mixtures with temperature variation may pose more significant hazards and risks to aquatic organisms; hence, the environment.

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  • 21 January 2021

    A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02347-z

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20777021), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2017J01018), and the Quanzhou City Science & Technology Program of China (No. 2018Z003).

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  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China

    Yuxuan Zhang, Peiyong Guo, Meixian Wang, Yanmei Wu, Yinshi Sun, Haitao Su & Jun Deng

  2. Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Huaqiao University, 361021, Xiamen, China

    Yuxuan Zhang, Peiyong Guo, Meixian Wang, Yanmei Wu, Yinshi Sun, Haitao Su & Jun Deng

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  1. Yuxuan Zhang
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Zhang, Y., Guo, P., Wang, M. et al. Mixture toxicity effects of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol in Daphnia magna under different temperatures. Ecotoxicology 30, 31–42 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02311-3

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