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Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit (I-BMS) Practices for Schizophrenia: An Outcome Literature Review on Randomized Controlled Trials

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Abstract

Prior reviews show that certain complementary and alternative practices are promising for patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to review the outcome literature on intervention studies using integrative body–mind–spirit (I-BMS) practices on schizophrenia. This is an outcome literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on I-BMS practices from 2004 to 2016. The review used a modified Delphi List to assess methodological rigor and the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse Scientific Rating Scale to evaluate the level of research support for each identified I-BMS practice. This review identified 13 RCTs of I-BMS practices, including mindfulness interventions (5), yoga (3), tai-chi (2), and relaxation (3). I-BMS practices were effective with medium to large effect sizes for alleviating symptoms, decreasing anxiety and stress, improving insight and mindfulness, subjective well-being and social/occupational functioning, as well as decreasing the frequency and duration of re-hospitalization. This review expands the knowledge base of treatment effectiveness pertaining to patients with schizophrenia.

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Funding

This research is supported by 2013–2014 National Association of Deans and Director in Social Work (NADD) Development Fund in Graduate Social Work Education received by Dr. Mo Yee Lee.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Work, The David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics at Syracuse University, 400 White Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA

    Xiafei Wang

  2. Boise State University, Boise, USA

    James Beauchemin

  3. College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

    Chang Liu & Mo Yee Lee

Authors
  1. Xiafei Wang
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  2. James Beauchemin
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  3. Chang Liu
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  4. Mo Yee Lee
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Correspondence to Xiafei Wang.

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Wang, X., Beauchemin, J., Liu, C. et al. Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit (I-BMS) Practices for Schizophrenia: An Outcome Literature Review on Randomized Controlled Trials. Community Ment Health J 55, 1135–1146 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00409-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00409-5

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