Abstract
Ludwigia polycarpa is the only species of section Microcarpium occurring north of 37°N in the central midwest of the United States. Recently, the loss of wetlands in North America reduced the population number and size of L. polycarpa dramatically. In this study, for the purpose of the conservation of the endangered species, we described eight microsatellite DNA loci. High variabilities enable these molecular markers to assess the population structure. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 23. The expected (H E) and observed (H O) heterozygosities ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 and 0.00 to 1.00, respectively. Seven of the eight microsatellite loci displayed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, likely due to the loss of habitats and the small population size. No linkage disequilibrium was observed in the pairwise comparisons of loci. The application of these microsatellite loci in L. polycarpa may provide a tool for understanding its demography and population structure.
References
Cifarelli RA, Gallitelli M, Cellini F (1995) Random amplified hybridization microsatellites (Rahm)—isolation of a new class of microsatellite-containing DNA clones. Nucleic Acids Res 23:3802–3803. doi:10.1093/nar/23.18.3802
Conti E, Fischbach A, Sytsma KJ (1993) Tribal relationships in Onagraceae—implications from rbcL sequence data. Ann Mo Bot Gard 80:672–685. doi:10.2307/2399853
Darwin C (1859) The origin of species by means of natural selection. Murray, London
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure from small quantities of fresh leaf tissues. Phytochem Bull 19:11–15
Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 1:47–50
Eyde RH (1977) Reproductive structures and evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, placentation, merism. Ann Mo Bot Gard 64:644–655. doi:10.2307/2395261
Eyde RH (1981) Reproductive structures and evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). III. Vasculature, nectaries, conclusions. Ann Mo Bot Gard 68:379–412. doi:10.2307/2398776
Gornall RJ, Hollingsworth PM, Preston CD (1998) Evidence for spatial structure and directional gene flow in a population of an aquatic plant, Potamogeton coloratus. Heredity 80:414–421. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00270.x
Hoch PC, Crisci JV, Tobe H, Berry PE (1993) A cladistic-analysis of the plant family Onagraceae. Syst Bot 18:31–47. doi:10.2307/2419786
Hsu KC, Wang JP, Chen XL, Chiang TY (2004) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Cyprinidae) using PCR-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA). Conserv Genet 5:113–115. doi:10.1023/B:COGE.0000014051.67562.55
Huang CC, Chiang TY, Hsu TW (2008) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Taxus sumatrana (Taxaceae) using PCR-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA). Conserv Genet 9:471–473. doi:10.1007/s10592-007-9341-z
King RA, Gornall RJ, Preston CD, Croft JM (2002) Population differentiation of Potamogeton pectinatus in the Baltic Sea with reference to waterfowl dispersal. Mol Ecol 11:1947–1956. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01600.x
Koga K, Kadono Y, Setoguchi H (2007) The genetic structure of populations of the vulnerable aquatic macrophyte Ranunculus nipponicus (Ranunculaceae). J Plant Res 120:167–174. doi:10.1007/s10265-006-0060-1
Levin RA, Wagner WL, Hoch PC, Nepokroeff M, Pires JC, Zimmer EA et al (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF data. Am J Bot 90:107–115. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.1.107
Lokker C, Susko D, Lovettdoust L, Lovettdoust J (1994) Population genetic structure of Vallisneria americana, a dioecious clonal macrophyte. Am J Bot 81:1004–1012. doi:10.2307/2445294
Lunt DH, Hutchinson WF, Carvalho GR (1999) An efficient method for PCR-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA). Mol Ecol 8:891–893. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00636.x
Mayr E (1963) Animal species and evolution. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Peng CI (1989) The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect Microcarpium (Onagraceae). Ann Mo Bot Gard 76:221–302. doi:10.2307/2399348
Ramamoorthy TP, Zardini EM (1987) The systematics and evolution of Ludwigia sect. Myrtocarpus s. lat. (Onagraceae). Monogr Syst Bot Mo Bot Gard 19:1–120
Raven PH (1963) The old world species of Ludwigia (including Jussiaea), with a synopsis of the genus (Onagraceae). Reinwardtia 6:327–427
Raven PH (1988) Onagraceae as a model of plant evolution. In: Gottlieb LD, Jain SK (eds) Plant evolutionary biology. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 85–107
Raven PH, Tai W (1979) Observations of chromosomes in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). Ann Mo Bot Gard 66:862–879. doi:10.2307/2398926
Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) Genepop (version-1.2)—Population-Genetics Software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered 86:248–249
Reusch TBH (2001) New markers—old questions: population genetics of seagrasses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 211:261–274. doi:10.3354/meps211261
Reusch TBH, Stam WT, Olsen JL (2000) A microsatellite-based estimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision in Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant. Mol Ecol 9:127–140. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00839.x
Rozen S, Skaletsky HJ (2000) Primer 3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. In: Krawetz S, Misener S (eds) Bioinformatics methods and protocols: methods in molecular biology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 365–386
Ruckelshaus MH (1998) Spatial scale of genetic structure and an indirect estimate of gene flow in eelgrass, Zostera marina. Evolution 52:330–343. doi:10.2307/2411071
Sytsma KJ, Smith JF, Hoch PC (1991) A chloroplast DNA analysis of tribal and generic relationships with Onagraceae. Am J Bot 78:222
Waycott M (1998) Genetic variation, its assessment and implications to the conservation of seagrasses. Mol Ecol 7:793–800. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00375.x
Zardini E, Raven PH (1992) A new section of Ludwigia (Onagraceae) with a key to the sections of the genus. Syst Bot 17:481–485. doi:10.2307/2419486
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Chi-Chun Huang and Tzen-Yuh Chiang contributed equally.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, CC., Chiang, TY., Hsu, TW. et al. Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci from Ludwigia polycarpa (Onagraceae), a threaten herb in North America. Conserv Genet 10, 1381–1383 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9700-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9700-4