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Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF)

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Abstract

Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.

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Notes

  1. Two types of diagrams must be distinguished: class diagrams and instance diagrams. A model is specified by a UML class diagram within a UML package: in this case, the class name is not underlined in the diagram. The various examples of word description are represented by UML instance diagrams: in this case, the class name is underlined.

  2. Packages for Morphology, Syntax and Semantics are described in (Francopoulo 2006).

  3. www.papillon-dictionary.org.

  4. To be more precise, Papillon uses the term “axie”. We decided to use the term “axis” in order to respect English orthography.

  5. It should be noted that a W3C schema is not specified as an ISO standard but is specified as a W3C recommendation. For criticisms about W3C schemas and comparison with Relax NG, see (Van der Vlist 2004).

  6. Please consult www.lexicalmarkupframework.org for updated information.

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Acknowledgements

The work presented here was partially funded by the EU eContent-22236 LIRICS project (http://lirics.loria.fr ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TAGMATICA, Paris, France

    Gil Francopoulo

  2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

    Nuria Bel

  3. ANSI, Washington, DC, USA

    Monte George

  4. CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy

    Nicoletta Calzolari, Monica Monachini & Claudia Soria

  5. MITRE, Bedford, MA, USA

    Mandy Pet

Authors
  1. Gil Francopoulo
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  2. Nuria Bel
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  3. Monte George
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  4. Nicoletta Calzolari
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  5. Monica Monachini
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  6. Mandy Pet
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  7. Claudia Soria
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gil Francopoulo.

Additional information

This paper is the description of the ongoing work within ISO committees and is not a position paper.

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Francopoulo, G., Bel, N., George, M. et al. Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF). Lang Resources & Evaluation 43, 57–70 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5

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